Transduction of Vestibular Stimulus .

Question 1

First step in transduction process in vestibular System

Answer 1

When the head tilts forward, the otoliths within the macula also move forward, bringing with them the otolithic membrane.

Question 2

and the 2nd step?

Answer 2

As the otolithic membrane moves forward, the hair cells also move forward, causing the stereocilia to move toward the kinocilium.

Question 3

3rd step

Answer 3

Tip links connect one side of the kinocilium to the other side of the shorter stereocilia.

Question 4

4th step

Answer 4

When the kinocilium moves forward and the stereocilia move toward it, the tip links open potassium channels.

Question 5

5th step

Answer 5

Potassium influx occurs, leading to depolarization.
Depolarization opens calcium channels, causing calcium influx.

Question 6

6th step

Answer 6

Calcium influx moves synaptic vesicles to the synaptic membrane.

Question 7

7th step

Answer 7

Once synaptic vesicles reach the hair cell membrane, neurotransmitters (glutamate & aspartate) are released.

Question 8

Whole steps?

Answer 8

When the head tilts forward, the otoliths within the macula also move forward, bringing with them the otolithic membrane.

As the otolithic membrane moves forward, the hair cells also move forward, causing the stereocilia to move toward the kinocilium.

Depolarization Process

1. Tip links connect one side of the kinocilium to the other side of the shorter stereocilia.
2. When the kinocilium moves forward and the stereocilia move toward it, the tip links open potassium channels.
3. Potassium influx occurs, leading to depolarization.
4. Depolarization opens calcium channels, causing calcium influx.
5. Calcium influx moves synaptic vesicles to the synaptic membrane.
6. Once synaptic vesicles reach the hair cell membrane, neurotransmitters (glutamate & aspartate) are released.