Transfer of Information from DNA Flashcards
Chapter 3 Lesson 2 (9 cards)
Why can DNA not leave the nucleus?
Because it’s too valuable and contains the full genetic code. Keeping it in the nucleus protects it from damage and allows the cell to control gene use. Only copies like mRNA leave to do the work.
How is information from DNA used to make proteins?
DNA is first transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome, where it’s translated into a protein using amino acids brought by tRNA.
What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?
It describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein
What is Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome.
It’s a copy of a gene that tells the cell what protein to make.
AKA: The recipe copied from the DNA “cookbook.”
What is Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Matches its anticodon to the codons on the mRNA.
The ingredient delivery person who knows what goes where.
What is Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Forms part of the ribosome, where proteins are built.
Helps hold the mRNA and tRNA in place during translation.
The kitchen or machine where the protein is assembled.
What is a codon and how many are there?
A codon is a 3-base sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid. There are 64 codons: 61 code for amino acids, and 3 are stop codons.
What are the 3 important traits of our genetic code?
Redundant. More than one codon can code for the same amino acid.
Continuous. There are no spaces, punctuation or overlap.
Nearly universal. Almost all organisms build proteins using the genetic code shown.
What is gene expression?
It’s the process by which information from a gene is used to make a protein. It involves transcription and translation, and determines how traits are shown.
