transfusion

Question 1

ABO system antigens

Answer 1

type O: H
Type A: H+A
type B: H+B
type AB:H+ A+B

Question 2

bombay blood

Answer 2

lacks H

can only receive bombay blood

Question 3

ABO antibodies

Answer 3

IgM, naturally- occurring

Question 4

Rh antibodies

Answer 4

IgG, not naturally occurring, require sensitization

Question 5

Rh null

Answer 5

devoid of Rh antigens

Question 6

RBCs of Rh null

Answer 6

stomatocytes

Question 7

system that accounts for 3/4 of delayed hemolytic reactions

Answer 7

Kidd

Question 8

Fya-b- benefit

Answer 8

resistance to P vivax infection (increased in blacks)

Question 9

TRALI

Answer 9

pulmonary edema, similar to ARDS due to donor leukocyte antibodies

Question 10

rhogam

Answer 10

polyclonal antibody against D antigen

Question 11

kleihauer-betke test

Answer 11

determines amount of fetal hemoglobin in maternal circulation

Question 12

when does RHOgam need to be given?

Answer 12

RH- mother, RH+ fetus to prevent mother from forming anti-RH antibodies that could arm future pregnancy

Question 13

when does ABO incompatibility of the newborn occur?

Answer 13

O mother, A/A/AB baby

Question 14

direct coombs

Answer 14

testing for the presence of antigens on patient’s RBC

Question 15

indirect coombs

Answer 15

testing for the presence of antibodies in the patient’s serum

Question 16

Acute HTRs (6)

Answer 16

Igm, ABO, severe/high mortality, no prior exposure needed, intravascular, mild HDN

Question 17

delayed HTRs (6)

Answer 17

IgG, Rh/others, mild, less mortality, prior exposure required, extravascular, severe HDN

Question 18

patients at increased risk for delayed transfusion reactions

Answer 18

patients with h/o multiple transfusions (sickle cell, thalassemia, cancer)- increased risk of alloimmunization to minor antigens

Question 19

A antigen

Answer 19

N-acetyl-galactosamine

Question 20

B antigen

Answer 20

galactose

Question 21

2 groups that lack natural ABO antibodies

Answer 21

newborns (not developed yet)

elderly (decreased production)

Question 22

population that will have mild reaction if transfused with incorrect blood

Answer 22

elderly

Question 23

2 conditions that increase risk of anti-I hemolytic anemia

Answer 23

infectious mononucleosis

Mycoplasma pneumonia infection

Question 24

m/c infectious agent transmitted by blood transfusion

Answer 24

CMV

Question 25

how to protect neonates against CMV from transfusion?

Answer 25

irradiate blood (also helps decrease risk of GVHD)

Question 26

most common transfusion reaction

Answer 26

allergic

Question 27

describe allergic transfusion reactions

Answer 27

reaction to proteins in donor blood, Type I hypersensitivity, can lead to anaphylaxis, treat with antihistamines

Question 28

patients with ___ deficiency can have anaphylactic reaction upon receiving blood

Answer 28

IgA

must have IgA-free blood

Question 29

febrile transfusion reaction

Answer 29

type II hypersensitivity, antibodies against done HLA antigens on WBCs

Question 30

most common type of HDN

Answer 30

ABO

Question 31

m/c cause of jaundice in the first 24 hours of life

Answer 31

ABO incompatibility

Question 32

type of HDN with increased risk of kernicteris

Answer 32

Rh HDN

Question 33

what is kernicterus?

Answer 33

deposition of bilirubin in the basal ganglia, damages neurons