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WBC disorders Flashcards

1
Q

2 causes of neutropenia

A 
drug toxicity/chemotherapy
severe infection (increased movement into tissues)
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2
Q

4 causes of lymphopenia

A

immune deficiency
high cortisol state (induces apoptosis)
autoimmune destruction (SLE)
whole body radiation

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3
Q

how to identify immature PMNs

A

band-like nucleus, decreased Fc16 receptors

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4
Q

high cortisol effects on WBCs

A

lymphopenia (apoptosis)

neutriphilia (impairs adhesion, releases marginated pool)

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5
Q

5 causes of eosinophilis

A 
Neoplasm- HD, RS cells secrete IL-5
Allergic reaction
Asthma
Collagen vascular disease
Parasites
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6
Q

classic cause of basophilia

A

CML

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7
Q

2 causes of lymphocytosis

A

viral infection

B. pertussis infection (lymphocytosis-promiting factor blocks lymphs from leaving blood)

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8
Q

cells increased in mono

A

CD8+ tcells

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9
Q

sites of EBV infection (3)

A

b cells
oropharynx
liver

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10
Q

EBV dormancy/consequences

A

dormant in B cells

immunodef could = recurrence, B cell lymphoma

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11
Q

suggestive mono symptoms, negative monospot

A

consider CMV

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12
Q

blasts in bone marrow to = acute leukemia

A

over 20%

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13
Q

blast appearance

A

large, immature cells with punched out nucleoli

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14
Q

lymphoblast marker

A

+tdt

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15
Q

cells in ALL may exhibit –

A

hyperploidy

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16
Q

B-ALL cell markers (5)

A

+Tdt, PAS+, CD10, 19, 20

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17
Q

B-ALL chemo-

A

must be directly injected into scrotum and CSF

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18
Q

genetic assoc with B-ALL

A

down syndrome, after age 5

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19
Q

T-ALL cell markers

A

+tdt, PAS+, CD2-8

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20
Q

typical T-ALL presentation

A

teenager with thymic mass, compression-type symptoms

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21
Q

APL translocation

A

t(15;17)- moves retinoic acid receptor, making it non-functional

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22
Q

histologic feature of promyelocytes

A

auer rods (MPO)

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23
Q

complication if auer rods released

A

DIC

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24
Q

treatment of APL

A

ATRA

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25
Q

leukemia that presents with gingival hypertrophy, rash

A

acute monocytic leukemia

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26
Q

leukemia assoc with down syndrome before age 5

A

acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

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27
Q

myelodysplastic disorders marrow

A

hypercellular, abnormal maturaion, blasts under 20%

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28
Q

characteristic MDS cells

A

Pelger-huet cells (bilobed nucleus, thin strand connecting)

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29
Q

CLL markers (2)

A

CD5, CD20

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30
Q

characteristic CLL histology

A

small, mature lymphs

smudge cells

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31
Q

3 complications of CLL

A

hypogammaglobulinemia/infection
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Richter transformation to DLBCL

32
Q

hairy cell leukemia- 2 characteristic features

A

dry tap on BM biopsy

TRAP+

33
Q

viral infection assoc with ATLL

A

HTLV-1

34
Q

mycosis fungoides is maligancy of-

A

CD4+ t cells

35
Q

pautrier microabsecesses

A

neoplastic cells in the epidermis (mycosis fungoides)

36
Q

sezary cells

A

cerebriform nuceli, associated with disseminated mycosis fungoides

37
Q

classic translocation of CML

A

t(9;22) philadelphia chromosome- BCR-abl fusion = active tyrosine kinase

38
Q

3 phases of CML

A

chronic
accelerated
transformation

39
Q

where is mutation in CML? significance?

A

mutation is in CD34 hematopoietic stem cell, meaning transformation can be to AML or ALL

40
Q

how to differentiate CML from leukemoid reaction? (3)

A

Leukemoid: +LAP, no increase in basophils, no t(9:22)

41
Q

JAK2 mutation

A

constitutive activity of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase

42
Q

JAK2 mutation present in

A

PCV, ET, MD

43
Q

symptoms of PCV are related to

A

hyperviscosity (plethora, pruritis, headache, blurred vision)

44
Q

feared complication of PCV

A

budd-chiari syndrome (hepatic vein thrombosis)

45
Q

essential thrombocytosis is malignancy of-

A

platelets

46
Q

lab decreased in essential thrombocytosis

A

decreased thrombopoietin

47
Q

symptoms of essential thrombocytosis

A

increased bleeding or thrombosis

48
Q

other condition, aside from essential thrombocytosis, that will have increase platelets on smear

A

iron def anemia

49
Q

no increased risk of __ because platelets lack nucleus

A

hyperuricemia/gout

50
Q

myelofibrosis is a malignant proliferation of

A

megakaryocytes

51
Q

what growth factor causes myelofibrosis?

A

megakaryocytic release PDGF

52
Q

histology in myelofibrosis (marrow)

A

hypo cellular marrow with collagen bands

53
Q

histology in myelofibrosis (peripheral)

A 
tear drop cells (squeezing out of marrow)
nucleated RBCs (from spleen)
54
Q

myelofibrosis vs. aplastic anemia

A

myelofibrosis- collagen

aplastic anemia- fat

55
Q

predominant cells in LN during acute lymphadenitis

A

neutrophils

56
Q

follicular lymphoma translocation

A

t(14;18) bcl2-ig heavy chain

decreases apoptosis

57
Q

difference between follicular lymphoma and reactive follicular hyperplasia (4)

A

disruption of normal architecture
lack of tangible-body macrophages
BCL2 expression
monoclonal

58
Q

mantle cell lymphoma translocation

A

t(11;14)- cyclin D1

59
Q

marginal cell lymphoma is assoc with (3)

A

sjogrens
hashimotos
H pylori infection
*only in chronic inflammatory states

60
Q

infection assoc with Burkitt lymphoma

A

EBV

61
Q

burkitt translocation

A

t(8;14)- c-myc increases= transcription activation

62
Q

histology of burkitt

A

starry sky pattern

63
Q

location of burkitt

A

endemic- jaw

sporadic- abdomen

64
Q

RS cell markers

A

CD 15, 30

65
Q

most common subtype of HL

A

nodular sclerosis

66
Q

type of HD in which RS cells lack CD15/30

A

lymphocyte rich/predominant

67
Q

abdundant eosinophils in HD because

A

RS cells secrete IL-5

68
Q

clinical features of multiple myeloma (6)

A 
osteolytic bone lesions 
elevated serum protein/M spike (IgG)
increased infection
rouleaux on RBC smear 
AL amyloidosis
proteinuria
69
Q

MGUS

A

M spike but no other symptoms

70
Q

Waldenstroms abnormality

A

IgM production

71
Q

waldenstrom symptoms

A

hyper viscosity related (raynauds, near deficits)

72
Q

langerhans cells (3)

A

birbeck graniles, CD1a, S100+

73
Q

letterer-siwe

A

rash, bone lesion
under 2
malignant

74
Q

hans-schuller-christian

A

over 3
malignant
exophthalmos, rash, DI, bone lesions

75
Q

eosinophilic granuloma

A

benign
pathologic fracture
adolescents
ddx- osteosarcoma

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