Transfusions

Question 0

What must be added to fucose (H antigen) to make the A antigen?

Answer 0

N-acetylgalactosamine

Question 1

What is the inheritance pattern of RBC antigens?

Answer 1

Mendelian

Question 2

What must be added to fucose (H antigen) to make the B antigen?

Answer 2

galactose

Question 3

Type A blood patients can receive what blood?

Answer 3

A and O

Question 4

Type B blood can receive what blood?

Answer 4

B and O

Question 5

Type AB blood can receive what blood?

Answer 5

ALL OF IT

Question 6

Type O blood can receive what blood?

Answer 6

O

Question 7

What is the antigen Rh genotype indicated as?

Answer 7

D or d

Question 8

How many D antigens (as opposed to d) are needed to be Rh+?

Answer 8

Just one (heterozygous counts)

Question 9

What is unique about antibodies to these receptors?

Answer 9

they are Acquired (you need exposure to have antibodies against them)

Question 10

What are the indications for a complete (whole) blood transfusion?

Answer 10

A massive hemorrhage

Question 11

What are the indications to use just RBC transfusion?

Answer 11

Low hemoglobin

Question 12

What are the indications to use leukocyte reduced blood?

Answer 12

Decreased alloimmunization or to decrease allergic reaction

Question 13

Why would you use frozen RBC’s?

Answer 13

Storage of rare blood types

Question 14

Why would you use granulocyte transfusions?

Answer 14

Treat sepsis in neutropenic patients

Question 15

Why would you use just platelets in a transfusion?

Answer 15

Treat bleeding due to thrombocytopenia

Question 16

Why would you use just plasma?

Answer 16

bleeding due to multiple factor deficiency

Question 17

What is contained in cryoprecipitate?

Answer 17

Fibrinogen
Von Willebrand factor
VIII
XIII

Question 18

When would you use cryoprecipitate?

Answer 18

Low fibrinogen
vW disease
Hemophilia A
Factor XIII Deficiency

Question 19

When would you use plasma with just factor VIII?

Answer 19

Hemophilia A

Question 20

When would you use plasma with factor IX?

Answer 20

Hemophelia B

Question 21

When would you use plasma with albumin?

Answer 21

Hypovolemia with hypoproteinemia

Question 22

When would you use plasma with IvIG?

Answer 22

Disease prophylaxis
Autoimmune disease
Immunodeficiency states

Question 23

Describe forward-type blood testing.

Answer 23

Vial of blood
Add antiA or antiB antibodies
Add AHG
Check for agglutination

Question 24

Describe reverse type blood testing.

Answer 24

Take a vial of anti-a or anti-b antibodies from patients serum Take reagent cells (RBC's with type B) Add AHG Check for agglutination

Question 25

What is happening in a crossmatch blood test?

Answer 25

Take patient serum (with antibodies) Add donor RBC's Add AHG Check for agglutination

Question 26

Which is the most deadly complication of a blood transfusion?

Answer 26

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

Question 27

What causes acute hemolytic transfer reactions?

Answer 27

When patient has anti ABO antibodies against donor RBC

Question 28

What would labs for an acute hemolytic transfer reactions look like?

Answer 28

Decreased haptoglobin Increased bilirubin DAT +

Question 29

Why is acute hemolytic transfusion reaction so detrimental?

Answer 29

Kidney damage from hemolysed cells

Question 30

What causes delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer 30

Host rejection of donor cells due to other antigens on RBC's

Question 31

Where does hemolysis usually occur for Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer 31

extracellularly

Question 32

How does delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction usually present?

Answer 32

Dropping hemoglobin DAT+ Usually can find antibody in serum

Question 33

How does febrile transfusion reaction happen?

Answer 33

Reaction against donor WBC's

Question 34

How does febrile transfusion reaction present? | How is it treated?

Answer 34

All of the cytokine problems (fever, headache, chest pain, nausea) Tylenol

Question 35

What does allergic transfusion reaction look like and what causes it?

Answer 35

It presents as hives | Reaction against donor serum proteins

Question 36

How does a bacterial infection due to transfusion usually present?

Answer 36

Sudden fever and shock

Question 37

What happens when you give too much blood at once? How can you tell?

Answer 37

Circulatory Overload | Hypertension, CHF

Question 38

What should you do to someone with circulatory overload?

Answer 38

Take them off transfusion | Give diuretics

Question 39

How does iron overload present? Who does it appear in most? How do you treat it?

Answer 39

Liver/heart damage Chronic anemia patients Give iron chelating agents

Question 40

What is wrong in graft-versus-host disease?

Answer 40

Donor lymphocytes attack host

Question 41

How serious is graft versus host disease?

Answer 41

Usually fatal