Transition Elements Flashcards
(12 cards)
Transition element
An element that can form at least one ion with a partially filled D orbital
Why is Zn not a transition element?
It can only form Zn 2+ ions due to the loss of the 4s2 sub shell
This means it has a full D sub-shell therefore it is not a transition elements
Why is Sc not a transition element
Sc can only form Sc 3+ ions due to loosing (4s2, 3d1)
Therefore as there are no electrons in the d sub shell it is not a transition element
Four Properties of transition elements
They have variable oxidation states
Act as good catalysts
Form complexes
Form coloured ions in solution
How can transition elements be useful in industry
They can be used as catalysts, which lowers the energy required to carry out chemical reactions
This means it’s cheaper and less fossil fuels are used
What is a ligand
A molecule/ion that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion to form a dative bond
What is the coordination number
Total number of dative bonds formed with the central a metal ion
Why are transition elements colourful
Ligands cause the d orbital to split so some electrons are in an excited state
What is cis platin used for
What is a ligand
It donates a lone pair of electrons to a central metal ion to form a coordinate bond/ a dative covalent bond
What is the coordination number
The number of coordination/ dative covalent bonds to a central metal ion
What is ligand substitution
Where one ligand is replaced by another ligand
