TRANSITION METAL CHEM

Question 1

to oxidise a tm to a higher oxidation state what must you add

Answer 1

an alkali followed by an oxidising agent

Question 2

how woukd you stabilise a tm with a low oxidation state such as fe2+

Answer 2

place in acidic conditions

Question 3

define a tm

Answer 3

a partially filled d orbital

Question 4

what are some chemical properties of a tm

Answer 4

variable oxidation states
partially filled d orbitals
form colourful compounds
can form complex ions
they are good catalysts

Question 5

what is a ligand

Answer 5

will donate a pair of electrons around the central metal ion to form coordinate bonds

Question 6

what is a monodentate ligand

Answer 6

has only one coordinate bond around the central metal ion

Question 7

what is the coordination number of a complex ion

Answer 7

how many coordinate bonds the ion has

Question 8

can a bidentate ligand form optical isomers

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

define a bidentate ligand

Answer 9

donates two electron pairs to a tm from different atoms on the same molecule

Question 10

define entropy

Answer 10

amount of disorder in a system

Question 11

what happens when you add EDTA to a solution of TM salts

Answer 11

the EDTA will replace all six water ligands in the hexa-aqua ion

Question 12

how can a more stable complex form

Answer 12

increase entropy

Question 13

describe what a cis molecule looks like

Answer 13

same side

Question 14

describe what a trans molecule looks like

Answer 14

across from one another

Question 15

which is larger ammonium ion or chloride ion

Answer 15

chloride - this will affect shape - and effect hoe many ions can fit around the central metal ion

Question 16

are scandium and zinc tms

Answer 16

no - because they do not have partially filled d orbitals - they are full when they form stable ions
sc3+ has the configuration as Ar
Zn2+ - Ar 3d10 4s2

Question 17

what are some physical properties of a tm

Answer 17

high density
high melting and boiling points

Question 18

what type of isomerism is optical isomerism

Answer 18

stereoisomerism

Question 19

define stereoisomerism

Answer 19

same molecular formula but different orientation of their bonds in space

Question 20

how does colour arise in a tm

Answer 20

electronic transition from the ground state to the excited state. visible light is absorbed to promote these d-electrons to go to higher states. the light that is not absorbed is transmitted through a solution or reflected in a solid to give colour

Question 21

what is the equation for the speed of light

Answer 21

speed of light = wavelength x frequency
c=lamda x f

Question 22

what does the frequency of light absorbed depend upon

Answer 22

the energy difference between levels

Question 23

what effects energy in an ion complex

Answer 23

the oxidation state of the central metal ion
ligands - shape -
- coordination number

Question 24

do ligands intensify colour

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

how do you dimerise a complex

Answer 25

add acid

Question 26

how do you monomerise a complex

Answer 26

add an alkali

Question 27

when oxidising low oxidation states why is an alkali added

Answer 27

there is a greater tendency to form negative ions OH-

Question 28

explain the steps of colourimetry

Answer 28

make a metal ion solution of known concentrations of decreasing concentrations - dilution series - measure the percentage absorption in the colourimeter - measure the unknown concentration's percentage absorption - plot a calibration curve - interpolate the graph to find the unknown conc

Question 29

what si the colour of aq Fe2+

Answer 29

green solution

Question 30

what is the colour of NaOH with (Fe(h2O)6)2+

Answer 30

green ppt Fe(H2O)4(OH)2

Question 31

what is the colour of excess NaOH and the Fe2+ hexaaqua ion

Answer 31

green ppt Fe(H2O)4(OH)2

Question 32

what is the colour of FE2+ with NH3

Answer 32

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 GREEN PPT

Question 33

what is the colout of Fe2+ with excess NH3

Answer 33

green ppt Fe(H2O)4(OH)2

Question 34

what is the colour of the Cu2+ as an aqueous ion

Answer 34

blue solution (Cu(H2O)6)2+

Question 35

what is the colour of Cu2+ hexa aqua ion with NaOH

Answer 35

blue ppt Cu(h2O)4(OH)2

Question 36

what is the colour of CU2+ with excess NaOH

Answer 36

blue ppt Cu(H2O)4(OH)2

Question 37

what is the colour of Cu2+ NH3

Answer 37

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 blue ppt

Question 38

what is colour Cu2+ excess NH3

Answer 38

deep blue solution Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4)2+

Question 39

what is the colour of Fe2+ with Na2CO3

Answer 39

FeCO3 SOLID green precipitate

Question 40

what is the colour of Cu2+ with NaCO3

Answer 40

Blue ppt CuCO3

Question 41

what is the colour of aq Fe3+ as a hexaaquaion

Answer 41

purple solution

Question 42

Fe3+ with NaOH

Answer 42

Fe(h2O)3(OH)3 BROWN PPT

Question 43

Fe3+ with excess NaOH

Answer 43

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 brown ppt

Question 44

fe3+ with NH3

Answer 44

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 BROWN PPT

Question 45

Fe3+ with excess NH3

Answer 45

fe(h2o)3(oh)3 brown ppt

Question 46

Fe3+ with Na2CO3

Answer 46

CO2 is evolved Fe(h2o)3(oh)3 brown ppt 23233

Question 47

what is the colour of Al 3+ in aqueous solution

Answer 47

Al(h2o)6)3+ colourless solution

Question 48

Al3+ with NaOH

Answer 48

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 white ppt

Question 49

Al3+ with excess NaOH

Answer 49

Al(OH)4)- colourless solution

Question 50

Al3+ with NH3

Answer 50

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 white ppt

Question 51

Al3+ with excess NH3

Answer 51

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 white ppt

Question 52

Al3+ Na2CO3

Answer 52

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 white ppt and CO2 gas evolved 23233

Question 53

what is the colour of VO4 3-

Answer 53

yellow

Question 54

what is the colour of VO2+

Answer 54

blue

Question 55

what is the colour of V3+

Answer 55

green

Question 56

what is the colour of V2+

Answer 56

violet

Question 57

what si the oxidation state of VO4 3-

Answer 57

5

Question 58

what is special about Al(h2o)3(oh)3

Answer 58

amphoteric it can act as an acid or a base and can be dissolved in either

Question 59

what is the ligand substitution between Cu(h2o)6)2+ and 4Cl-

Answer 59

Cu(Cl4)2- + 6H2O THE COMPLEXES GO FROM BLUE YELLOW

Question 60

what is the equation for the ligand substitution Co(H2O)6)2+ and 2NH3

Answer 60

Co(h2o)4(oh)2) + 2NH4+ IT IS A REVERSIBLE REACTION.

Question 61

is there a stronger bond between N AND Cu or Cu and O

Answer 61

Cu and N