Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CHEMISTRY ⚗️⚛️🧪 > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Transition metal definition

A

forms one at least stable ion with a partially filled d sub shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 d block elements that are not transition metals

A

Zinc as Zn 2+ is the only ion for dc and its d sub shell is full
Scandium as sc3+ is the only ion formed and its d sub shell is empty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chromium and copper electronic configuration

A

Chromium = more stable with a half d sub shell as 4s1 and 3d5
Copper = more stable with a full d subshell as 4s1 and 3d10

When writing electronic configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Key features of transition metals CCCV

A

C= act as a catalyst
C= form complex ions
C = coloured compounds
V = variable oxidation states ( different oxidation states)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Coordinate bond

A

shared pair of electrons that cone from the sane atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ligand

A

ion or a molecule with a lone pair that forms a coordinate bond with a transition metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bidentate ligand

A

ligand with 2 atoms with lone pairs that form 2 coordinate bond with a transition metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coordination number

A

number of coordinate bonds that a transition metal forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complex ion

A

central atom surrounded by ligand by coordinate binds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Monodente and examples

A

each ligand forms 1 coordinate bond

water, ammonia, cyanide , chlorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bidentate and multidentate and examples

A

forms 2 or more Coordinate binds
ethane-1,2-diamine and ethandioate ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skeletal formula of ethane-1,2-diamine and ethandioate ion

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Displayed formula of ethane-1,2-diamine and ethandioate ion

A

NH2CH2CH2NH2
C2O42-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 shapes transition metals form

A

Octahedral (cu(H2O)6)2+
Tetraderdral = only molecules with chlorine can form as they are large (cucl4)2-
Square planar= get rid of lone pair and platinum forms (Pt(NH3)2cl2)
Linear =only sliver forms (ag(nh3)2)+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can chlorine only form

A

Tetrahedral as it’s a large molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

EDTA4-

A

form 6 coordinate bonds 2 from n atoms and 4 from o atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chelate effect

A

mono dente substituted by bi/multidentate. If moles increase from left to right then entropy increases eg which means reaction is feasible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain why this reaction is thermodynamically feasible ?

A

Delta h is negligible as make abd break same number if bonds
Delta S = increase as number of miles from reactants to products increases
Delta G =delta H-Tdelta s is negative as t delta s is negative than delta H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heamoglobin structure

A

Fe2+ forms 4 coordinate bonds with n atoms in the haem group forming a square planar
One coordinate bond is formed between fe2+ and protein globin and another with oxygen
When oxygen has been transported, it breaks the quad not bond releasing the oxygen. Then carbon dioxide forms a coordinate bond to iron to be transported back into the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Effect of carbon monoxide on haemoglobin

A

Carbon monoxide forms are stronger permanent coordinate bond to iron which means no longer transport oxygen around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cis / trans

A

Trans = opposite / cis(sis=same)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Transition metals as coloured compounds

Study These Flashcards
A

Transition metals are coloured because of the partially filled d subshell
They all have equal energy, which is known as the ground state
Presence of other atoms causes the d orbitals to have different energies
This allows electrons to be excited from one d orbital to another so they can move from a lower energy to a higher energy which is called the excited state. Energy to make this transition is taken from white light the colour of the light which is absorbed is missing from the light and the one that is missing reflects from the substance giving it its colour

23
Q

2 equation to work out delta E which the the change from ground to excited state

Study These Flashcards
A

Delta e = hf
H=plan is constant
F= frequency of light

Delta e = hxc/f
H = plancks constant = 6.624x10-34
C =speed of light
L=/ lambda wavelength of light

24
Q

Red

Study These Flashcards
A

low energy light

25
Violet
high energy light
26
Large difference between ground state and excited state
Large energy energy difference between ground stay and excited state for the subshell High energy of spectrum is absorbed and excite the electron to excited state Low energy is transmitted
27
Small difference between ground state and excited state
Small energy difference between ground stay and excited state Low energy part of visible light spectrum is absorbed High energy part is transmitted
28
change in the excited state between the D sub shall meaning it can change the colour of the compound you need to remember
LOCOS , ONE OF THESE CAN ALTER THE COLOUR l= change in ligand O= change in oxidation state Co= change in coordination number S= change in shape of complex
29
Calorimetery
Add an appropriate legend to intensify the colour A range of colours of the same complex iron are made. of known concentration These are tested in a colorimeter and the transmission is measured A calibration curve is plotted for concentration v transmission and draw a line of best fit The transmissions of a unknown solution is measured in a colorimeter and concentration is determined by reading of calibration curve
30
Key points in colorimetery
The length of the container affects the amount of absorbent so you would use the same path length, absorption depends on paths length which is the distance that light travels through A filter is used to allow one colour of light through the sample = to select colour which is most strongly absorbed Calorimeters used rather than titration as quicker
31
Two types of catalyst
Heterogeneous= catalyst is in a different phase to the reactant Homogeneous catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants
32
Heterogeneous
catalyst is in a different phase to the reactant
33
Homogeneous
catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants
34
Heterogeneous catalytic action on surface
Reactants adsorb ( stick to the surface )on the surface of the catalyst of an active site Reaction occurs on the surface and weak bonds by stress and disorder Products desorb ( unstick ) from the surface
35
To make catalyst as efficient as possible you can
Increase the surface area Spread the catalyst over an inner support medium
36
They don’t last forever as poisoning can occur So you
Impurities can block the active site This prevents reactant from adsorbing Purifying the reactant is the best way to prevent poisoning
37
Examples of heterozygous catalysts
Making ammonia in the haber process. Catalysed by iron N2 + 2H2 = 2NH3 Making sulphuric acid in the contact process. Catalysed by solid vanadium oxide.= V2O5. Step one.= SO2 + V2O5=SO3+V2O4. Step two.= 2V2O4 + O2=2V2O5. SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 Manufacture of methanol. Step one.= CH4 + H2O=CO + 3H2. Step two= catalysed by chromium oxide. Co +H2 =CH3OH
38
Making ammonia in the haber process.
Catalysed by iron N2 + 2H2 = 2NH3
39
contact process.
Catalysed by solid vanadium oxide.= V2O5. Step one.= SO2 + V2O5=SO3+V2O4. Step two.= 2V2O4 + O2=2V2O5. SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
40
Manufacture of methanol
Step one.= CH4 + H2O=CO + 3H2. Step two= catalysed by chromium oxide. Co +H2 =CH3OH
41
Homogenous example
between s2O82- and I- ions where fe2+ has to be used as a catalyst. Without a catalyst these negative ions would naturally repel each other and never react.
42
Autocatalysis
one of the products can act as a catalyst. This means that overtime as the amount of product increases the rate of reaction also increases as it becomes catalysed
43
MNO4- AND C2O42- an acidic conditions where mn2+ ions produced would act as a catalyst
Overall equation Mn2+ to mn3+ and combine with mnO4- to mn2+ ( purple colour ) Mn3+ to mn3+ and combine with c2O42- to CO2
44
Explain
Initially, the reaction is slow as there is high activation energy as no catalyst and both reactants having a negative charge so repel As rate begins to increase mn2+ slowly being produced and catalyse the reaction Rate decreases as all reactants are used up
45
Why can s block / period 1 not be used can a catalyst
same oxidation state
46
Fe 2+ goes to (green )
Fe 3+(brown)
47
MnO4- goes to (purple )
Mn2+( colourless )
48
Cr2O72- goes to ( orange )
Cr3+ green
49
C2O42- goes to
CO2
50
Zn goes to
Zn2+
51
S2O82- goes to
SO42-
52
I- goes to
I2
53
Mn3+ goes to
Mn2+

CHEMISTRY ⚗️⚛️🧪 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions