Transition metals

Question 1

what is transition metals

Answer 1

-have partially filled d subshells in all or some of their compounds
-they form at least 1 ion which has a partially filled d subshell

Question 2

Why is Sc not a TM

Answer 2

-forms only one ion (SC3+)
-has an empty d subshell

Question 3

electron configuration for TM

Answer 3

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d10

Question 4

when are TM stable

Answer 4

when they have a 3d5 or 3d10 (half or full subshells) configurations

Question 5

whats the trend in atomic radii

Answer 5

decreases across a period, due to increased in nuclear charge

Question 6

What is ferromagnetic

Answer 6

Can become permanently magnetised (Fe, Co, Ni)

Question 7

what is paramagnetic

Answer 7

presence of unpaired electron cause the element to be weakly attracted to magnetic field

Question 8

what is dimagnetic

Answer 8

paired electrons to not being attracted to magnetic fields

Question 9

What is catalysts

Answer 9

-speed up the rate of reaction
-Lower the activation energy of a reaction by providing an alternative route

Question 10

What are important uses as catalysts in industry

Answer 10

Ni- to turn unsaturated fats into saturated fats in food industry (margarine)
Fe- Haber process, to make ammonia
Pt and Rh- catalytic converters

Question 11

what is heterogeneous catalysts

Answer 11

different phase or state
-molecules adsorb to surface of the metal catalysts which weakens the bonds in reactants lowering the activation energy

Question 12

What is homogeneous catalysts

Answer 12

same phase or state, involves two redox reaction
-Catalyst reacts with one of the reactants to form an intermediate.

The intermediate then reacts with the second reactant.

Catalyst is regenerated at the end of the reaction.

Question 13

what are complex ions

Answer 13

Central metal ion, with molecules or ions attached by coordinate (dative) bonding.
-Attached species are called ligands

Question 14

Complex ion shape names- linear

Answer 14

coordination no 2, 180 degrees, Ag+ complexes [Ag(NH3)2] +

Question 15

Complex ion shape names- tetrahedral

Answer 15

coordination no 4, 109.5 degrees, large ligands e.g. Cl-
[CuCl4]

Question 16

Complex ion shape names- square planner

Answer 16

coordination no 4, 90 degrees. Pt2+ complexes
[PtCl4]2-

Question 17

Complex ion shape names- octahedral

Answer 17

coordination no 6, 90 degrees, commonest
[Cu(H2O)6] 2+

Question 18

How to name complex ions

Answer 18

number of ligands- name of ligands- metal ion
mono-
di- Cl- chloro
tri- CN- cyana
tetra- OH- hydroxo
penta- H20 aqua
hexa- NH3 ammine

Question 19

How to name cations

Answer 19

before the complex ion e.g. K3[CO(CN)6]

Question 20

How to name anions

Answer 20

after the complex ion e.g. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2

Question 21

whats polydentate ligands

Answer 21

have multiple donor atoms or ions

Question 22

whats bidentate ligands

Answer 22

have two donor ions

Question 23

whats monodentate ligands

Answer 23

have one donor ion

Question 24

how many donating atoms does a chelating ligand have

Answer 24

2

Question 25

What are the applications of chelates and their agents in industry

Answer 25

water softening, food preservatives, flavour and colour retainers, agriculture

Question 26

What are the applications of chelates and their agents in health and medicine

Answer 26

preserve blood DNA storage chelation therapy (removes toxic metals from the body) nutritional supplements

Question 27

biological significance of chelates

Answer 27

found in many biomolecules haemoglobin, chlorophyll, vitamin B-12

Question 28

Why are ions are coloured

Answer 28

must be splitting of the d orbitals - only occurs in the presence of ligands, thus only complex ions are coloured -d orbitals must be partially filled

Question 29

what do the colour of the ion depends on

Answer 29

1)the number of d electrons present in the transition metal ion 2)the arrangement of ligands 3)the nature of the ligands