Transition Zones

Question 1

what is/are the characteristic(s) of occipitalization of C1

Answer 1

atlas may be partially or completely fused to the occiput

Question 2

what is another way of implying occipitalization of C1

Answer 2

atlas assimilation

Question 3

incidence of occipitalization of C1

Answer 3

0.1%-0.8%

Question 4

when do the centers of ossification for the odontoid process first appear

Answer 4

during the last trimester in utero

Question 5

the transitional zones of the vertebral column

Answer 5

occipitocervical, cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral, and sacrococcygeal zones

Question 6

when do bilateral ossification centers for the odontoid process first appear

Answer 6

at or shortly after birth

Question 7

joint that is formed between the odontoid process ossification centers and the centrum of C2

Answer 7

subdental synchondrosis

Question 8

classification of the joint formed between the C2 odontoid process and centrum

Answer 8

amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

Question 9

ossification between the odontoid process and centrum joint of C2 first appears at what age

Answer 9

4 yo

Question 10

joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 is last identified at what age

Answer 10

7 yo

Question 11

name given to the CONDITION in which the joint formed between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 persists beyond 7yo

Answer 11

os odontoideum

Question 12

name given to the JOINT between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 which is still evident beyond age 7

Answer 12

persistent subdental synchondrosis

Question 13

name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification

Answer 13

tip of the dens synchondrosis

Question 14

classification of the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification

Answer 14

amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

Question 15

age the ossification for the tip of the dens will appear

Answer 15

sometime in early adolescence

Question 16

based on the age of appearance, how is the tip of the dens center of ossification classified

Answer 16

secondary center of ossification

Question 17

the age the tip of the dens will fuse with the odontoid process

Answer 17

before age 12

Question 18

what is the condition called if the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12

Answer 18

terminal ossicle

Question 19

condition pertaining to a joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persisting beyond 12 yo

Answer 19

terminal ossicle

Question 20

what is a basilar impression

Answer 20

persistence of the nonunion of the basilar and condylar parts of the chondrocranium such that the cartilage deforms due to the weight of the brain

Question 21

what is a basilar invagination

Answer 21

upper cervical spine appears to be invaginated into the skull on x-ray analysis

Question 22

incidence of rib-related changes following dorsalization of C7

Answer 22

from .5% to 2.5% of the population

Question 23

do patients typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7

Answer 23

No, typically asymptomatic

Question 24

gener bias suggested for dorsalization of C7

Answer 24

Female (yeezus we get some shit, boss bitches be survivors though)

Question 25

alteration of C7 facet orientation that may accompany dorsalization

Answer 25

superior articular facet of C7 may change from BUM to BUL (typical thoracic orientation) inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 26

percent of population that may demonstrate thoracic-like features at C7

Answer 26

up to 46%

Question 27

T1 facet orientation changes that may accompany cervicalization

Answer 27

superior articular facet may change from BUL to BUM | inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 28

incidence of cervicalization of T1 in the population

Answer 28

up to 28%

Question 29

incidence of lumbar ribs in the population

Answer 29

over 7% demonstrate lumbar ribs

Question 30

what L1 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsalization

Answer 30

superior articular facet may change from concave and BUM, to flat and BUL inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 31

gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1

Answer 31

males 2-3x more affected

Question 32

T12 facet orientation changes that may accompany lumbarization

Answer 32

superior articular facet may change form flat and BUL to concave and BUM inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 33

T11 facet orientation changes that accompany lumbarization

Answer 33

INFERIOR articular facet may change from flat and ForMeD to convex and FoLD superior articular facet is unchanged

Question 34

what is the usual way of identifying the # of cervicals, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae during imaging studies

Answer 34

ID the vertebrae with ribs- they will be thoracic those higher are cervicals those lower are lumbars

Question 35

characteristic of lumbarization of S1

Answer 35

failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of sacral ala

Question 36

what is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2

Answer 36

segments do not completely fuse together

Question 37

what is squaring of the vertebral body of S1

Answer 37

S1 vertebral body has similar anterior and posterior heights, hence a lack of wedging

Question 38

what is flaring of the sacral ala

Answer 38

transverse process of the ala appears to elevate as though separating from the rest of the ala

Question 39

characteristic of sacralization of L5

Answer 39

L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum

Question 40

what is the incidence of sacralization of L5 in the population

Answer 40

41%-85%

Question 41

which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine

Answer 41

L5

Question 42

what articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5

Answer 42

None

Question 43

What is the incidence of variation within the sacrococcygeal region in the population

Answer 43

up to 14%

Question 44

characteristic of sacralization of Co1

Answer 44

premature fusion of Co1 to the sacrum

Question 45

what is characteristic of coccygealiztion of S5

Answer 45

separation of S5 from sacrum and its' premature fusion to Co1