Translation and Transcription

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

a copy of DNA that could leave the nucleus

Question 2

A sequence of DNA that codes for a trait, functional unit of hereditary

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

RNA Polymerase

Answer 3

Like DNA polymerase but it adds the nitrogenos bases found in RNA.

Question 4

RNA polymerase direction

Answer 4

5’-3’

Question 5

Nitrogenous base sequences in the DNA that signal the start of a gene.

Answer 5

Promoters (TATA box)- sequence T A T A

Question 6

Nitrogenous bases in the DNA that signal the end of a gene.

Answer 6

Terminators

Question 7

Removed portions of the RNA sequence the remain inside the nucleus

Answer 7

Introns

Question 8

The portions of an RNA sequence that are connected and leave the nucleus

Answer 8

Exons

Question 9

mRNA exon segments are glued together. A 5’ cap and poly tail are added to each strand.

Answer 9

Spliced

Question 10

Nucleotide in the 5’ direction (to signal the start of the gene)

Answer 10

5’ cap

Question 11

Poly A tail

Answer 11

A string of Adenines added to the strand

Question 12

The process by which a strand of DNA is copied into mRNA

Answer 12

Transcription

Question 13

Transcription- initiation

Answer 13

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA sequence at the promoter (TATA box)

Question 14

Transcription- Elongation

Answer 14

RNA polymerase adds RNA to the template DNA strand

Question 15

Transcription- Termination

Answer 15

RNA polymerase reaches terminator and stops adding RNA bases, detaching from the DNA strand.

Question 16

This portion of the RNA sequence are removed and stay in the nucleus

Answer 16

Introns

Question 17

This portion of the RNA sequence are spliced together and exit

Answer 17

exons

Question 18

What signals RNA polymerase to stop adding bases during transcription

Answer 18

A terminator sequence

Question 19

The process of taking the mRNA strand and translating it into a chain of amino acids that will then become proteins

Answer 19

Translation

Question 20

What is the end result of translation

Answer 20

A protein (polypeptide chain)

Question 21

Three nitrogenous bases in the mRNA that code for an amino acid

Answer 21

codon

Question 22

Start codon (sequence)

Answer 22

AUG

Question 23

Stop codon

Answer 23

Don’t code for bases- rather the end of a gene sequence (UAA, UAG, UGA)

Question 24

Read the mRNA sequence, and deliver the correct amino acid

Answer 24

tRNA

Question 25

The detector on the tRNA that binds to the mRNA

Answer 25

Anticodon

Question 26

One base is changed

Answer 26

Point mutation

Question 27

Translation- The ribosome attaches to the strand of mRNA, the first tRNA binds to the start codon

Answer 27

Initiation

Question 28

Translation- The frame is shifted over one codon and the next codon is read. Another tRNA brings over the next corresponding amino acid. The ribosome attaches the amino acid to the chain.

Answer 28

elongation

Question 29

Translation- the stop codon is read and the polypeptide sequence is released. The cain will be sent to other parts of the cell to processed into a protein.

Answer 29

Termination