Translation Lesson Review Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the TRANSLATION process?
It is the process by which a ribosome assembles amino acids in a specific sequence to synthesize a specific polypeptide coded by messenger RNA (mRNA).
Where does TRANSLATION take place?
It takes place on the RIBOSOME.
What does Transfer RNA (tRNA) do?
It translates the mRNA transcript into a protein the codons must be read one at a time to assemble amino acids in the right sequence.
Where does tRNA occur?
It occurs in the RIBOSOME with the help of tRNA.
What does tRNA look like?
- It is a folded RNA molecule with an anti-codon loop.
- Anti-codon contains nucleotide triplet which is complementary to mRNA codon.
- Each codon codes for a specific amino acid.
- Each tRNA carries a particular amino acid corresponding to its anti-codon.
Why can the cell only make 30-molecule out of the possible 64?
It can only make 30 because of the REDUNDANCY in the code.
What is the “WOBBLE” phenomenon?
It is the 3rd nucleotide in the anti-codon is less important (binds weekly; not specific).
What happens when mRNA enters the CYTOPLASM?
The ribosome would recognize the mRNA, bind to it, and initiate the translation of nucleic acids into proteins.
What is RIBOSOME?
It is a CLUSTER of PROTEIN combined with RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA).
What are the two SUB-UNITS that ribosomes are made up of?
- LARGE sub-unit
- SMALL sub-unit
What are the three BINDING sites for tRNA?
- Peptide (P) site
- Acceptor (A) site
- Exit (E) site
What does the Peptide (P) site do?
It holds one aa - tRNA and the growing chain of amino acids.
What does the Acceptor (A) site do?
It receives the tRNA with the next aa to be added to the chain.
What does the Exit (E) site do?
It releases the tRNA back into the cytoplasm.
What are the THREE phases of TRANSLATION?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
