transpiration and how water moves through a plant,chromosones genes and dna

Question 1

What is transpiration?

Answer 1

Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the leaves of plants.

Question 2

True or False: Transpiration helps in nutrient transport within the plant.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Water moves through a plant primarily through the ______ system.

Answer 3

xylem

Question 4

What drives the process of transpiration?

Answer 4

The difference in water vapor concentration between the inside of the leaf and the outside atmosphere.

Question 5

What is the primary function of stomata in plants?

Answer 5

Stomata are openings that allow for gas exchange and transpiration.

Question 6

Multiple choice: Which of the following factors can increase the rate of transpiration? A) High humidity B) High temperature C) Low wind speed

Answer 6

B) High temperature

Question 7

What role does cohesion play in water movement through plants?

Answer 7

Cohesion helps water molecules stick together, allowing for the continuous column of water in the xylem.

Question 8

True or False: Transpiration occurs only during the day.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the term for the pressure created in the xylem due to transpiration?

Answer 9

Tension

Question 10

What is the process called when water is absorbed by roots from the soil?

Answer 10

Root uptake

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The movement of water in plants is often described by the ______ theory.

Answer 11

Cohesion-tension

Question 12

What are chromosomes?

Answer 12

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA and genetic information.

Question 13

True or False: Humans have 46 chromosomes.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Answer 14

Gene

Question 15

Multiple choice: What is DNA? A) A type of protein B) A molecule that carries genetic information C) A carbohydrate

Answer 15

B) A molecule that carries genetic information

Question 16

Fill in the blank: DNA is composed of ______, which are the building blocks of the molecule.

Answer 16

nucleotides

Question 17

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Answer 17

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 18

True or False: DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

Answer 19

Double helix

Question 20

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 20

mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 21

Multiple choice: Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands? A) DNA polymerase B) RNA polymerase C) Ligase

Answer 21

A) DNA polymerase

Question 22

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 22

Ribosomes are the sites where amino acids are assembled into proteins.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The process of converting mRNA into a protein is called ______.

Answer 23

translation

Question 24

What are alleles?

Answer 24

Alleles are different versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable traits.

Question 25

True or False: An organism's genotype refers to its observable traits.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele?

Answer 26

A dominant allele masks the effect of a recessive allele in a heterozygous genotype.

Question 27

Multiple choice: What does the term 'phenotype' refer to? A) Genetic makeup B) Observable characteristics C) Cell division

Answer 27

B) Observable characteristics

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The pairing of alleles in a genotype is referred to as ______.

Answer 28

homozygous or heterozygous

Question 29

What is a mutation?

Answer 29

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in traits.

Question 30

True or False: All mutations are harmful to an organism.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the role of the cell cycle in cell division?

Answer 31

The cell cycle regulates the process of cell growth and division.

Question 32

What is the function of the centromere in a chromosome?

Answer 32

The centromere is the region where two sister chromatids are joined together.

Question 33

Multiple choice: What is the purpose of mitosis? A) To produce gametes B) To repair tissues C) To replicate DNA

Answer 33

B) To repair tissues

Question 34

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Answer 34

The genetic code determines how sequences of nucleotides are translated into proteins.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The process of converting DNA into RNA is called ______.

Answer 35

transcription

Question 36

What is a karyotype?

Answer 36

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's complete set of chromosomes.

Question 37

True or False: Chromosomes are only visible during cell division.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 38

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Question 39

Multiple choice: What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell? A) Energy production B) Containing DNA C) Protein synthesis

Answer 39

B) Containing DNA

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The double helix structure of DNA was first proposed by ______ and ______.

Answer 40

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 41

What is a gene locus?

Answer 41

A gene locus is the specific location of a gene on a chromosome.