Transplantation/Nephrology

Question 1

What is commonest cause of microscopic haematuria in a man below 40 years?

A. IgA nephropathy
B. IgM nephropathy
C. Alport syndrome
D. Goodpasture syndrome

Answer 1

A. IgA nephropathy

Question 2

What electolyte abnormalities occur with the use of stomach for urinary diversion?

A. Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
B. Hypochloremic metabolic acidosis
C. Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
D. Hypochloremic, hypernatremic metabolic acidosis

Answer 2

A. Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

Question 3

Which statement is correct concerning the use of ureteric stents in kidney transplantation?

A. They are associated with higher risk of bleeding
B. Stents should stay for at least a month after transplantaion
C. It is not necessary when performing a uretero-ureteral anastomosis
D. There is clear evidence recommending its use in ureteral reimplantation

Answer 3

D. There is clear evidence recommending its use in ureteral reimplantation

Question 4

The use of a double-J stent in ureteral reimplantation in transplantation:

A. Is associated with a higher risk of infections
B. Does not change the incidence of haematuria
C. Has no proven benefit
D. Is associated with at higher risk of late stenosis

Answer 4

A. Is associated with a higher risk of infections

Question 5

Following renal transplantation, the most important factor which causes renal artery stenosis is:

A. Angulation of hte artery
B. Immunosuppressive treatment
C. Small diameter of the renal artery
D. Arterial anastomosis not perfectly carried out

Answer 5

D. Arterial anastomosis not perfectly carried out

Question 6

Which statement about parathyroid hormone is correct?

A. It enhances tubular calcium reabsorption
B. It decreases production of 1.25 dihydroxy-vitamin D
C. It increases tubular reabsorption of inorganic phosphates
D. It enhances hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal tubule

Answer 6

A. It enhances tubular calcium reabsorption

Question 7

Which drug may cause acute renal failure?

A. Quinolones
B. Desmopressin
C. Opiate analgesics
D. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 7

D. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 8

Which hormone is most important in urine production at night?

A. Aldosterone
B. Corticosteroids
C. Renin-angiotensin system
D. Vasopressin

Answer 8

D. Vasopressin

Question 9

Oliguria is likely to be caused by pre-renal (impaired perfusion) failure rather than by intrarenal (renal parenchymal) failure, if:

A. The urine contains no cells or casts
B. The urinary sodum is less than 10mmol/l
C. The urinary osmolality is less than 350mOsm/l
D. The child has hypertension, raised central pressure and good peripheral perfusion

Answer 9

B. The urinary sodum is less than 10mmol/l