Transport in animals Flashcards
What is the circulatory system?
A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood
Give advantages of double circulation
allows the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the body
It helps in maintaining the high blood pressure required for essential processes
How does blood move around the heart?
It is taken from the heart to the rest of the body through arteries, and then returned back to the heart through the veins
How is the activity of the heart monitored?
using an ECG
Using pulse rate
What is CHD and what are the factors that increase its risks?
a disease whereby the coronary arteries become blocked by cholesterol.
Risks: Poor diet, Lack of exercise, smoking, sex etc
Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right side of the heart?
to allow the blood to reach other parts of the body by pumping blood at greater pressures.
Why are atria walls thinner than ventricle walls
Atria pump blood to the nearby lungs and ventricles pump blood to the rest of the body.
What is the importance of the septum?
To separate oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood
What happens during diastole, Atrial systole and ventricular systole?
Diastole - All muscles in the heart are relaxed / Allows blood to flow into the atria. Both valves are closed
Atrial systole - Atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles. Atrioventricular valves remain open and semilunar valves remain shut
Ventricular systole- Muscles of the ventricle contract, pushing blood out of the heart, Semilunar valves are open, and atrioventricular valves are shut
State the functions of capillaries
Supplies all cells with requirements and takes away waste products
How are the structures of veins and arteries related to the pressure of blood they transport?
Veins - Carry blood to the lungs at low pressures
Arteries - Carries blood to other body parts at high pressures
How is the structure of a capillary related to its function
It is one cell thick/ allows for diffusion to occur much easier
List the components of blood
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
State the fucnctions of the components of blood
Red blood cells - Transporting oxygen
White blood cells - Antibody production and phagocytosis
Platelets - Blood clotting
Plasma - Transport of blood cells, ions, urea etc
Why is blood clotting important
To prevent pathogens from entering the body
