Transport of Across Membrane

Question 1

Atoms bind together to make _____

Answer 1

Molecules

Question 2

____ are composed of simple sugars

Answer 2

Complex carbohydrates

Question 3

Lipids are composed of _____ plus a _______

Answer 3

fatty acids, polar head`

Question 4

What are the backbones of lipids made of?

Answer 4

Glycerol

Question 5

This is the hydrophilic part of lipids

Answer 5

Polar head

Question 6

This is the hydrophobic part of lipids

Answer 6

Fatty acid tails

Question 7

____ are long chains of amino acids bound together

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

Nucleic acids are composed of chains of __________.

Answer 8

nucleotides

Question 9

These are building blocks of proteins

Answer 9

Amino acids

Question 10

What are complex carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 10

Proteins, lipids, and some complex carbohydrates

Question 11

Why is it called the Fluid Mosaic Model?

Answer 11

It refers to the mixture of lipids and intrinsic proteins in the membrane

Question 12

Membrane components:

Answer 12

Lipid bilayer, proteins

Question 13

WHY DO THE FATTY ACID TAILS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS POINT TOWARD EACH OTHER IN THE MEMBRANE?

Answer 13

They are non-polar, so they are hydrophobic.

Question 14

What does the final shape of the protein determine?

Answer 14

Its function.

Question 15

What conditions can denature proteins?

Answer 15

Extreme temperatures

Question 16

Two types of transport of materials

Answer 16

Passive transport and energy-consuming transport

Question 17

Processes that are considered passive transport:

Answer 17

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

Question 18

Processes that are considered energy-consuming transport: transport:

Answer 18

Active transport
Exo/Endocytosis

Question 19

The movement of molecules in solution from a high
concentration of that molecule in the direction of a
low concentration

Answer 19

Diffusion

Question 20

When does movement of molecules stop in diffusion?

Answer 20

When equilibrium is
reached.

Question 21

WHY DOES PASSIVE DIFFUSION THROUGH THE LIPID LAYER ONLY OCCUR WITH GASES AND SMALL, LIPID-SOLUBLE MOLECULES?

Answer 21

. These substances are nonpolar, and so is the lipid layer.

Question 22

Why are channel proteins necessary to move hydrophilic ions through the membrane?

Answer 22

Ions are charged; they cannot go through a nonpolar lipid layer.

Question 23

Process of passive transport by facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

1 Carrier protein
has binding site
for a specific
molecule.
2 Molecule
enters binding
site.
3 Carrier protein
changes shape,
transporting
molecule across
membrane.
4 Carrier protein
resumes original
shape.

Question 24

The diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 24

Osmosis

Question 25

True or false: Water moves from its own low concentration to its own high concentration.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

When the contents of a cell and the fluid around the cell have the same concentration of dissolved solutes. How does water move? What happens to the cell?

Answer 26

isotonic. Water moves in and out in equal amounts. Nothing.

Question 27

Refers to whether a cell is hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic.

Answer 27

Tonicity

Question 28

When the the fluid around the cell contains less dissolved solute than the fluid in the cell. How does water move? What happens to the cell?

Answer 28

hypotonic. More water enters the cell than leaves. The cell may swell to the point of bursting.

Question 29

When the fluid around the cell contains more dissolved solute than the fluid inside the cell. How does water move? What happens to the cell?

Answer 29

hypertonic. More water leaves the cell than enters. The cell shrinks.

Question 30

Process of active Transport

Answer 30

1 The transport protein binds both ATP and Ca2+. 2 Energy from ATP Changes the shape of the transport protein and moves the ion across the membrane. 3 The protein releases the ion and the remnants of ATP (ADP and P) and closes.

Question 31

Example of endocytosis.

Answer 31

Phagocytosis

Question 32

Process when material is enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane, allowing its contents to diffuse out.

Answer 32

Exocytosis

Question 33

IF A PLANT CELL NEEDS TO CONCENTRATE SUGAR IN A CELL, WHAT KIND OF TRANSPORT WILL IT USE?

Answer 33

1. Simple diffusion. 2. Facilitated diffusion. 3. Active transport. 4. Osmosis.