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TRANSPORT PHENOMENA Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of the movement of different physical
quantities in any chemical or biochemical process

A

Transport Phenomena

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2
Q

consists of the basic principles and laws of transport

A

Transport Phenomena

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3
Q

+ describes the relations and similarities among different
types of transport that may occur in any system

A

Transport Phenomena

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4
Q

encompasses the subjects of momentum transfer or fluid
mechanics, mass and energy, or heat transfer processes:

A

Transport phenomena

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5
Q
  • Deals with the transport of momentum in fluids
A

Momentum transport/Fluid Dynamics

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6
Q

Deals with the transport of different forms of energy in a system

A

Energy or Heat Transport/Heat Transfer

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7
Q
  • Deals with the transport of various chemical species themselves
A

Mass Transport/Mass Transfer

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8
Q

blood circulation in the body, mixing phenomena in bioreactors

A

MOMENTRA

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9
Q

sterilization of reactors, temperature control in bioreactors

A

HETRA

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10
Q

oxygen transport from bubbles to aerobic microorganisms

A

MATRA

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11
Q

Transport can be studied in 3 levels

A

Macroscopic
Microscopic
Molecular

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12
Q

The basic equations of transport phenomena
are derived based on the following axioms:/GOVERNING EQUATIONS

A

equation of continuity
equation of motion
equation of thermal energy

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13
Q

The equation of continuity is based on the

A

conservation
of mass

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14
Q

The equation of motion is based on the

A

conservation of
momentum (Newton’s second law)

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15
Q

The equation of thermal energy is based on

A

conservation of energy

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16
Q

Rate of Transport process =

A

Driving force/Resistance

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17
Q

the factor that will make the transfer occur

A

Driving force

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18
Q

DF includes velocity gradient (microscopic or molecular)
or velocity difference (macroscopic)

A

MOMENTUM TRANSPORT

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19
Q

DF includes temperature gradient (microscopic or
molecular) or temperature difference (macroscopic)

A

ENERGY OR HEAT TRANSFER

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20
Q

, DF includes concentration gradient (microscopic or molecular)
or concentration difference (macroscopic)

A

MASS TRANSPORT

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21
Q

the factor that will slow down the transport process

A

rESISTANCE

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22
Q

When does the driving force become negligible?

A

The system reaches equilibrium

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23
Q

T/F: Transport phenomena may occur within a single
phase or between multiple phases

A

T

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24
Q

In the bioprocessing industry, the flow of fluid* occurs
mostly through the

A

PIPING

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25
Fluid flow involves two (2) distinct regimes, which largely depend on the physical properties of the fluids:
LAMINAR TURBULENT
26
The two regimes of fluid flow largely depend on?
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FLUID
27
viscous flow, streamline
LAMINAR FLOW
28
Involves the flow of the fluid particles only in a single direction
LAMINAR FLOW
29
The components of velocity are either negligible or not present in the other directions
LAMINAR FLOW
30
Mainly due to the motion of the fluid particle clusters
TURBULENT FLOW
31
T/F: Fluid flow is in one direction, generally
T
32
due to the associated _____, the layers of fluid right under the top layer also ____ momentum and move accordingly.
inertia, gain
33
At steady state, the bottommost layer of fluid adhering to the bottom stationary plate will have ____ velocity
zero
34
suppose that topmost layer of fluid (adhering to the plate) has a velocity 𝑒0, how will the velocity distribution/profile look like across the layers?
velocity distribution is linear
35
is dependent on the force with which the top plate is moved
nature of the velocity distribution or the velocity gradient
36
In physics, the applied force is called?
Shear stress (tau)
37
The resulting velocity gradient is known as?
shear rate
38
T/F: Shear stress and shear rate are proportional to each other
T
39
In Newton's Law of Viscosity, what was introduced to remove the sign of proportionality?
VISCOSITY
40
Based from the Newton's Law of Viscosity, As the force or shear stress is applied from a domain of higher velocity to that of lower velocity, the sign of the velocity gradient is
negative
41
In the transport phenomenon, any transport rate per unit area is called
FLUX
42
mv/A is?
Momentum Flux
43
Rate of change in the Momentum Flux is directly proportional to the negative of?
velocity gradient
44
Unit for kinematic velocity
Stoke (cm^2/s)
45
it refers to the ability or extent of the fluid for momentum transport
momentum diffusivity
46
T/F: Mass flux gradient and momentum flux are directly proportional
T
47
Fluid classification based on Propert
Newtonian Non-newtonian
48
In this fluid classification, Fluid viscosity and shear rates are independent of each other
Newtonian Fluids
49
+ Plotting shear rate vs. shear strain for Newtonian fluids will achieve a ?
Straight line passing though the origin
50
mostly include liquids with low molecular weight and almost all gases
Newtonian Fluids
51
In Newtonian Fluid, Increase in temperature results in a _____ in liquid viscosity and an _____ in gas viscosity
decrease, increase
52
In Newtonian Fluid, increasing the ___ enhances both liquid and gas viscosities
pressure
53
most of the fluids that exists in nature
Non-Newtonian Fluids
54
+ display a significant viscosity variation with shear rates
Non-Newtonian Fluids
55
Non-newtonian fluid based on the extent of variation of the shear rate with shear stress, they may be classified as
Pseudoplastic Bingham Dilatant
56
viscosity decreases with increase in shear rate
Pseudo
57
* a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress
Bingham
58
needs a certain amount of shear stress until a threshold is reached, beyond which, the fluid flows
Bingham
59
a fluid where shear viscosity increases with applied shear stress/rate
Dilatant
60
Flow behavior index of dilatant fluids
greater than 1
61
Flow behavior index of peudoplastic
less than 1
62
In Biochemical Engineering, fermentation media containing microorganisms or fermentation broths mostly behave as
Non-newtonian Liquids
63
a different category of fluids that display some amount of elastic behavior
Viscoelastic Fluids
64
Example of viscoelastic fluids
Polymer solutions
65
– the tendency to which an object comes back to its original form after the applied stress is released
Elasticity
66
– the ratio of the applied stress to strain
Elastic modulus
67
𝑹𝒆 < πŸπŸ‘, 𝟎𝟎0
Laminar flow
68
πŸπŸ‘, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 < 𝑹𝒆 < πŸ’πŸŽ, 𝟎𝟎0
Transition
69
𝑹𝒆 > πŸ’πŸŽ, 𝟎𝟎0
Turbulent
70
T/F: The velocity profile of laminar flow is much shaper and smoother than turbulent flow through a tube
T
71
Regime that demonstrates relatively flat velocity profile through a tube
Turbulent Flow
72
An instability in the flow transport occurs in the fluid regime where the flow starts changing from laminar to turbulent inside a tube
Transition flow
73
Regime that is significant in many applications of biochemical engineering
Turbulent Flow
74
arises due to the greater contact of the flowing fluid with the solid boundary
Turbulence
75
Turbulence that arises due to the greater contact of the flowing fluid with the solid boundary
Wall turbulence
76
arise when the fluid layers of two varying velocities are in contact with each other.
Free turbulence
77
is extremely important during mixing
Free turbulence
78
consists of various sizes of eddies, which coexist in the flow stream.
Turbulent flow
79
are extremely unstable, and they keep breaking into smaller eddies.
Larger eddies
80
have the tendency to combine and form a larger eddy
Smaller eddies
81
The flow within the eddy is?
Laminar
82
T/F: All eddies are of macroscopic size
T
83
, the relationship between velocity gradient and shear stress in a turbulent stream is used to define
Eddy viscosity
84
Is analogous to absolute viscosity
Eddy viscosity
85
πœ€m
eddy diffusivity of momentum
86
The total shear stress in a turbulent fluid is the summation of
viscous stress and turbulent stress

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