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N5 biology revision > Transport Systems (animals) > Flashcards

Transport Systems (animals) Flashcards

1
Q

why is blood transported around the body to deliver?

A

oxygen and nutrients to cells for respiration

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2
Q

why is blood transported around the body to pick up?

A

wates such as carbon dioxide so they are removed from the body

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3
Q

what do red blood cells carry?

A

oxygen

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4
Q

how are red blood cells specialised?

A

by being biconcave

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5
Q

what does haemoglobin combine with in the lungs?

A

oxygen resulting in oxyhaemoglobin

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6
Q

how does oxyhaemoglobin become oxygen again?

A

it releases oxygen at tissues

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7
Q

what does the heart do?

A

pumps blood around the body

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8
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

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9
Q

what is the pathway of blood through the heart?

A

vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

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10
Q

what do the heart valves prevent?

A

blood flowing backwards

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11
Q

why is the left ventricle of the heart thicker than the right?

A

the left ventricle has to pump blood to the whole body whereas the right ventricle onlt has to pump blood to the lungs

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12
Q

where does the heart muscle get blood from?

A

the cornorary arteries

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13
Q

what are the three types of blood vessel?

A

arteries, capillaries and veins

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14
Q

why are the capillaries thin walled?

A

to allow the exchange gases, food and wastes

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15
Q

where does oxygen go after it leave the capillaries?

A

into tissues and cells

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16
Q

where does carbon dioxide go after it leaves the tissues/cells?

A

in the capillaries

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17
Q

what do veins carry to the heart?

A

carbon dioxide and wastes

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18
Q

what are exchanged in the lungs?

A

gases

19
Q

whats the windpipe also called?

A

the trachea

20
Q

what is the trachea held open by?

A

rings of cartilage

21
Q

what does the trachea divide into?

A

two bronchi

22
Q

what do the two bronchi divide up into?

A

bronchioles with air sacs called alveoli at the end

23
Q

what traps dirt and germs in the trachea?

A

mucus

24
Q

what is cilia?

A

the tiny hairs in the trachea which sweep the mucus containing germs up to the mouth

25
Q

why are the lungs efficient at gas exchange?

A

they have lots of alveoli to create a largfe surface area

26
Q

what are nutrients from food required by animals for?

A

growth,movement, reproduction and warmth

27
Q

what are the chemical elements in carbohydrates?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

28
Q

what are the chemical elements in fats?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

29
Q

what aret the chemical elememts in proteins?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

30
Q

why do we need carbohydrares?

A

to provide us with energyv

31
Q

why do we need fats?

A

heat insulation an dnergy store

32
Q

why do we need proteins?

A

growth and repair

33
Q

what are simple units of carbohydrates?

A

sugars e.g glucose

34
Q

what are simple units of fats?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

35
Q

what are simple units of proteins?

A

amino acids

36
Q

what are fats broken down by and what into?

A

broken down by lipase enzymes into fatty acids and glycerol

37
Q

what are carbohydrates broken down by and what into?

A

broken down by amylase enzymes into sugars

38
Q

what are proteins broken down by and what into?

A

broken down by pepsin emzymes into amino acids

39
Q

what does the digestive system consist of?

A

mouth, salivary glands, oesphagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intensine, appendix, rectum and anus

40
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

the movement of food through the gut. it involves muscles contracting behind the food and muscles relaxing in front of the food

41
Q

what are the 4 types of teeth?

A

incisors, canines, pre-molars and molars

42
Q

where are nutrients of food absorbed?

A

into the villi of the small intestine

43
Q

what does the network of cappilaries in a villus absorb?

A

glucose and amino acids

44
Q

what does a lacteal absorb?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

N5 biology revision (11 decks)

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