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A & P > transportation > Flashcards

transportation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the sound of the heart?

A

the valves closing

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2
Q

what is happening during the initial lab sound?

A

the AV vales are closing which builds up pressure and push blood out

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3
Q

what is happening during the laster dub sound?

A

the SL valves are closing when the ventricles start relaxing to prevent back flow into the ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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4
Q

what functional role do the structure in the condition zone play

A

they warm, humidify and filter the air as it mrs into the respiratory zone

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the epiglottis

A

block food from going down tour larynx when you swallow

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6
Q

what is the structural difference between the right and left lungs

A

the right has 3 lobes and the left has 2

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7
Q

where does the bulk of gas exchange occur

A

in the aleoli

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8
Q

which structure in the respiratory system is also known the voice box

A

larynx

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9
Q

name the structure that air passes through as it travels from the Bose and eventually arrive at the lungs

A

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea. bronchi, lungs

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10
Q

The amount of air that remains in your lungs is known as the

A

residual volume

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11
Q

the amount of air you regularly breathe is your

A

Tidal volume

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12
Q

the ____ measures the max amount of air you could forcibly inhale while the _____ is the max amount you could forcible exhale

A

Inspiratory reserve volume; expiratory reserve volume

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13
Q

what is considered the Toal amount of exchangeable air you have

A

vital capacity

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14
Q

what muscle moves the lungs when it contracts

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

as this muscle contracts, the volume in your lungs ___- so pressure ____ and air moves _____

A

expands; decrease; in

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16
Q

as this muscle relaxes, the volume in your lungs ___ s pressure __ and air moves ___

A

decreases; increases; out

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17
Q

delivers oxygen rich blood to the body

A

aorta

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18
Q

electrical event sin the heart stimulate ____

A

mechanical events

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19
Q

the heart contains special calls that can spontaneously depolarize

A

pacemaker cells

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20
Q

the action potential in initiated in the ___ node

A

sinotrial node

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21
Q

the ____ node receives and distributes the signal to the ventricles

A

atrioventricular

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22
Q

blood flows ____ the pressure gradient created from the contractions

A

down

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23
Q

list 5 extrinsic controls that play a role in the regulation of cardiac cycle

A

autonomic nervous system; age; sex; cardiovascular fitness/health; diet

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24
Q

what does blood pressure measure

A

amount of strain your arteries fell as your hear moves blood around

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25
Q

what is the purpose of CPR

A

the manually keep blood flowing out of the heart when someone is in cardiac arrest

26
Q

what is the onto vale with 2 cusps

A

bicuspid valve

27
Q

guards the base of the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary valve

28
Q

prevents back flow into the left ventricle when it contracts

A

aortic valve

29
Q

prevents back flow into the right atrium

A

tricuspid valve

30
Q

the pulmonary veins empty into it

A

left atrium

31
Q

receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs

A

left atrium

32
Q

sends blood out of the pulmonary trunk

A

right ventricle

33
Q

takes in blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

A

right atrium

34
Q

sends oxygenated poor blood into the lungs

A

right ventricle

35
Q

structure and origination of the lungs and the brooch inside them

A

lungs - bronchi- right left

36
Q

summarize the role of the diaphragm.

A

diaphragm contracts the lungs expand and allow air to enter, diaphragm relaxes lungs deflate which allows air to leave

37
Q

blood vessels carry blood to or away from the heart

A

to

38
Q

artereis carry blood away or to the heart

A

away

39
Q

what are arterioles

A

mini arteries that branch out

40
Q

what are capillaries

A

transfer blood between veins and arteries

41
Q

what are venues

A

smallest vein component that pulls blood out of capillaries

42
Q

what is a Atria

A

two lateral chambers of the heart that receive blood first

43
Q

pericardium

A

membrane that encloses the heart

44
Q

myocardium

A

muscle layer of the heart

45
Q

what are pacemaker cells

A

non pacemaker cells that spontaneously depolarize without neural input so the heart generates its own electrical impulses

46
Q

atriovascular valves

A

at atria-ventricular junction and prevent back flow into atria

47
Q

semilunar valves

A

at the base of ventricles and prevent back flow

48
Q

Summarize the pathway that oxygen-poor blood will take in order to become oxygen-rich blood that can be distributed to the tissues in our body

A

oxygen poor blood goes in and out of the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated —> left side and is pumped to the rest of the body

49
Q

what is plasma

A

liquid part of blood makes up 55%

50
Q

leukocytes

A

colorless cell that is in the blood that helps get rid of foreign substances in blood

51
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

52
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein that binds and carries oxygen

53
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation, stem cells in red bone marrow make replacement cells

54
Q

hemostasis

A

to stop blood flow by clotting

55
Q

antigens

A

foreign substances

56
Q

antibodies

A

blood protein that is produced to counteract a specific antigen

57
Q

agglutinogens

A

an antigen that stimulates the production of agglutinin

58
Q

composition of blood

A

plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets

59
Q

hemostasis steps

A

vascular spasm, platelets gather to plug, coagulation/clotting to close gap and allow healing

60
Q

how are there 8 types blood

A

A, B, AB = specific antigen on glycoprotein, presents or no presents of rhesus antigen determines positive or negative

A & P (2 decks)

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