Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patient Care > Trauma 1 > Flashcards

Trauma 1 Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Critical Scene Interventions on Trauma

A

SMR
Bleeding control
Needle decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion
Kinetic energy = mass x velocity ^2 /2
Velocity major factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inertia

A

Body in motion stays in motion unless acted on by outside force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy not created or destroyed, only changed/transferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 Impacts of MVC

A

Vehicle
Occupants
Occupant organs
Secondary collisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To be cautious of in MVC

A

Upper body hitting steering wheel
Paper bag pneumothorax
Aortic tear
Pelvic fracture
Intracranial contusion/hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Shearing Forces

A

Descending aorta fixed structure
Arch, aorta + heart are freely movable
Sheering forces create different forces across aorta, causing tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rear-End/Lateral Collision

A

Pt moves towards point of impact
Pts worse if 2 impacts
C-Spine
Head injury
Chest hits door
Hip hits door
Upper extremity fracture/dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Roll-Over

A

Multiple impacts each time vehicle rolls
Unpredictable injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ejection

A

27% of MVC deaths
1/13 spinal injuriy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Seatbelts above iliac crest

A

Compression injuries to abdominal organs
T12-L2 compression fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

seatbelts too low

A

Hip dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Seatbelts alone

A

Head, c-spine, maxillofacial injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Shoulder straps alone

A

Neck injury
Decapitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cranium

A

Double layer of solid bone which surrounds spongy middle layer
Frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, mastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Middle Meningeal Artery

A

Under temporal bone
Common source of epidural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Meningeal Membranes

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid mater
pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CSF

A

Clear, colourless
Circulates through brain and spinal cord
Cushions and protects
Secreted by Ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ICP

A

Edema hemorrhage
Normal is 10mmHg
Elevated >15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CPP

A

Pressure moving blood through cranium
BP change but CPP maintained due to auto regulation
MAP - ICP
50 systolic to maintain CPP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cerebral Blood Flow

A

Depends on CPP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Coup Injury

A

Directly posterior to point of impact
Front of head struck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contre-coup

A

Directly opposite point of impact
Back of head struck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injury

A

Shearing, tearing, stretching of nerve fibres
Vehicle occupant + pedestrian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Focal Injury
Limited and identifiable site of injury
26
Direct Head Injury
Forces of an object striking head or by penetrating injury
27
Indirect Head Injury
Acceleration/Deceleration forces result in the movement of the brain inside the skull
28
Secondary brain injury
Intracranial hemorrhage + masses, cerebral edema, ischemia, hypoxia, hypotension, anemia, increased ICP
29
Mild TBI
GCS >14 Asymptomatic or confusion with amnesia Brief LOC Headache, n/v Skull fracture, hematoma, swelling, neurologic findings, coagulopathies, drug/alcohol
30
Moderate TBI
GCS 9-13 10% pts with head injuries, roughly 10% of pt will deteriorate
31
Severe TBI
GCS <9 Mortality 40% Priority to prevent secondary injuries
32
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Most common CT abnormality for moderate or severe TBI Disruption of subarachnoid vessels Blood in CSF Diffuse headache, nausea, photophobia
33
Epidural Hematoma
Blow to head fractures temporal bone, ruptures branch of middle meningeal artery Blood collects between inner table of skull and dura
34
Classic S/Sx Epidural Hematoma
LOC post injury, lucid interval, deteriorate in LOC Fixed/dilated pupil on side of lesion + contralateral hemi paresis Herniation within hours
35
Subdural Hematoma
Collection of venous blood between dura and arachnoid Sudden acceleration-deceleration events Symptomatic within 24 hours up to 14 days Alcoholics + elderly with brain atrophy susceptible
36
Causes of ICP
Cerebral edema Blood due to hemorrhage CSF accumulation due to blockage Tumours SBP CO2
37
Pathophysiology of Brain INjury
ICP increase towards MAP decreases cerebral blood flow, decreases CPP Compensatory to increase MAP Cerebral vasodilation occurs as CPP decreases Increases ICP further, decreases CPP
38
Hypercarbia + Brain Injury
Causes cerebral vasodilation Increased blood volume, increased ICP + CPP
39
Hypotension + Brain injury
Decreases CPP causing cerebral vasodilation
40
Brain Stem + Brain injury
Increased BP and bradycardia 2º to vagal stimulation from pressure on brain Irregular resps + tachypnea Unequal pupils Posturing Altered LOC Vomiting Seizures Herniation
41
Herniation
Brain attempts to pass through foramen magnum Death
42
Transtentorial Herniation
Downward displacement of brain
43
Uncle Herniation
Through tensorial notch by supratentorial mass exerting pressure on underlying structures including brain stem
44
Cushing's Triad
Hypertension + widened pulse pressure Bradycardia Diminished + irregular resps
45
Cerebral t waves
Widespread deep T-wave inversion with bizarre morphology from rise in ICP
46
Shaken Baby Syndrome
Cerebral edema, cerebral contusion, concussion, intracranial hemorrhage, neck injuries <2yo particularly 6-8 weeks
47
Linear skull Fracture
Not identified in field Consider MOI, soft tissue trauma Not emergency Caution in temporal region for epidural hematoma
48
Depressed Skull Fracture
Segment pushed inward Pressure on brain causing injury
49
Basilar Skull fractures
CSF otorrhea CSF rhinorrhea Periorbital ecchymosis Battle's sign
50
Mandibular Fractures
Deformity along jaw Potential for airway compromise From high energy trauma
51
Leforte I
Slight instability to maxilla, no displacement
52
Leforte II
Fracture of both maxilla and nasal bones
53
Leforte III
Fractures involving entire face below brow ridge
54
Orbital Fractures
Zygoma, maxilla + interior shelf Reduced eye movement Limited jaw movement injury to eye common
55
Nose Fracture
Most frequent fracture of facial bones Can depress, displace or result in epistaxis
56
Waddell's Triad
Paediatric struck Bumper: femur fracture Hood: chest injuries Ground: head injuries
57
O'donohue's triad
Adult struck Bumper: tib-fib Knee: ligament tears Hood: femur/pelvic fractures
58
Complications of Thoracic trauma
Hypoxia Hypercarbia Acidosis
59
Trauma Triad of Death
Hypothermia Coagulopathy Metabolic Acidosis
60
Rib Fractures
Simple are painful but rarely life-threatening Complications around pain Risk of atelectasis, V/Q mismatch Lower ribs risk to spleen, liver, kidneys
61
First + Second Ribs
High forces required
62
Underlying Injuries with Rib fracture
Myocardial contusion Pericardial tamponade Cardiac rupture Pulmonary contusion
63
Ribs 1-3
Great force to fracture Possible underlying lung inury Frequent injury to aorta or bronchi Subclavian artery/vein risk Pneumo risk
64
Ribs 4-9
Most commonly fractured Possibility of break in 2 places
65
Ribs 9-12
Less likely to fracture Energy to internal organs Damage to liver, spleen, kidneys
66
Flail Chest
Fractures of 3+ ribs in 2+ places Paradoxical movement Often associated with significant underlying injury Reduces volume of respiration
67
Mortality Risk + Flail Chest
Advanced age 7+ rib fractures 3+ associated injuries Shock Head injuries
68
Sternal Fracture
Uncommon Direct blow to front of chest Associated trauma risk
69
Associated trauma of Sternal fracture
Disruption of thoracic aorta Tracheal or bronchial tear Diaphragm rupture Flail chest Myocardial trauma Myocardial contusion, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary contusion
70
Pulmonary Contusion
Direct damage to lung tissue in absence of pulmonary laceration Frequently associated with rib fracture
71
Sources of Injury Pulmonary Contusion
Direct tissue injury Increased capillary membrane permeability
72
Simple Pneumothorax Incidence
10-30% blunt chest trauma Almost 100% penetrating chest trauma
73
Causes
Fractured rib Paper bag effect Spontaneously in tall, thin young men Marfan's syndrome
74
Open Pneumothorax
Penetrating trauma Communication between pleural space and atmosphere Ipsilateral Lung collapse
75
Patho of Open Pneumo
V/Q Mismatch Pressure within pleural space Impaired vena cava return
76
Tension Pneumothorax
Lung tissue damage with one way valve effect, air trapped in pleural space
77
Pathophysiology of tension pneumo
Lung collapse on affected side with mediastinal shift to contralateral side Reduced cardiac output
78
CO + Open Pneumo
Increased intrathoracic pressure Cardiac tamponade Deformed vena cava reducing preload Twisting of great vessels
79
Assessment findings in Tension Pneumo
JVD Hyper-resonance Subcutaneous emphysema Tracheal deviation Cyanosis
80
Life threatening conditions of hemothorax
Hypovolemia Hypoxia Increased intrathoracic pressure
81
Myocardial Contusion
Blunt injury to heart Traumatic MI Impairs CO Dysrhythmias, failure Appears like acute MI
82
Pericardial Tamponade
In trauma from tear in coronary artery or penetration of myocardium Compresses and impedes heart (diastolic failure) As little as 150mL
83
Beck's Triad
Muffled heart sounds: reduced chamber filling in diastole JVD: backup to IVC and SVC Hypotension: decreased CO
84
Diaphragmatic Rupture
Abdominal contents can rupture through diaphragm into chest 90% on left side due to protection on right by liver
85
Intrathoracic Trauma
Any injury above umbilicus
86
Intra-abdominal trauma
Any injury below 4th ICS
87
Traumatic Asphyxia
Severe compressive force to thorax causing backwards flow of blood from right side of heart into SVC and upper extremities

Patient Care (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions