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basic science > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of blood loss will typically not respond to 2 L of LR or NS?

A

30%

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2
Q

What is the most common complication of massive tranfusion?

A

Dilutional thrombocytopenia

(Followed by hypothermia and metabolic alkalosis)

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3
Q

What is the best measure of a patient’s resuscitation?

A

Lactate levels (less than 2.5 mg/dL)

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4
Q

What are the four things indicated SIRS?

A

HR over 90
WBC less than 4000 or greater than 12000
RRmore than 20 BPM
Tep less than 36 or greater than 38

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5
Q

What are the HR limits for shock classes 2-4?

A

2: Over 100
3: Over 120
4: Over 140

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6
Q

What is the MOA of TXA?

A

Competitive inhibitor of plasminogen activation

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7
Q

Motor recovery potential after repair of what nerve has the poorest recovery potential?

A

Peroneal nerve

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8
Q

What antibiotic for freshwater wound fracture?

A

Fluoroquinolones (cirpfloxacin)

(Target DNA gyrase, topoisomerase)

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9
Q

What does of ultrasound has been shown effective for healing acute fractures?

A

30 mW/cm2

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10
Q

Strain less than what percentage results in primary bone healing?

A

2%
(If it is over 10% it results in no bone formaiton)

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11
Q

What view for SC dislocation?

A

Serendipity view

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12
Q

What physis is the last to close?

A

Medial calvicular eiphysis (25 yo)

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13
Q

In PHF, what does Neer define as a part?

A

1 cm displacement or greater than 45 degrees of angulation

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14
Q

Surgery is indicated for PHF with GT displacement more than what?

A

5 mm

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15
Q

What is nonop parameters for humeral shaft?

A

Less than 20 degrees of anterior angulation, less than 30 degrees varus or valgus angulation, or less than 3 cm of shortening

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16
Q

After a radial nerve palsy, what is the first to return?

A

Brachioradialis followed by the ECRL

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17
Q

What defines the safe zone for ORIF of the radial head/neck?

A

Radial styloid - Lister’s tubercle (25% along the lateral side)

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18
Q

What are the 4 Bado classes?

A
  1. Anterior radial head dislocation with apex anterior proximal third ulna
  2. Posterior radial head dislocation and apex posterior proximal ulna (Annular ligament is disrupted)
  3. Lateral radial head dislocation and proximal ulna
  4. Anterior radial head and proximal third ulna & radius
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19
Q

If there is 3 mm of instability when radius is pulled proximally, what is injured in a monteggia?

A

Interosseous membrane

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20
Q

For a night stick fracture, when can I consider nonop for distal ulna?

A

Distal 2/3s, less than 50% displaced, less than 10 degrees of angulation

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21
Q

what pelvic view evaluates anterior or posterior displacement of the SI joint and internal/external rotational deformity?

A

Inlet

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22
Q

What pelvic view evalutes vertical displacement of SI joint and fixation of hemiplevis?

A

Outlet view

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23
Q

What class of pelvic fractures have anterior transverse pubic rami fractures?

A

Lateral compression (LC) fractures

24
Q

What is normally the primary cause of death in LC pelvic fracture patients?

A

Brain injury

25
Q

What is the most common complication of an in-fix?

A

HO

26
Q

What are a couple details of sacral dysmorphism?

A

Prominent mammillary bodies, down sloping S, vestigal disc reminant

27
Q

What view gives anterior column, posterior wall?

A

Obturator oblique

28
Q

What giew is used to ensure that screw is placed in anterior column and does not penetrate into joint?

A

Obturator oblique

29
Q

What view profiles the posterior column and anterior wall?

A

Iliac oblique

30
Q

`What are the 5 simple types of acetabulum fractures?

A

Anterior wall, posterior wall, anterior column, posterior column, transverse

31
Q

What fracture pattern do you see a spur sign?

A

Associated both column

32
Q

On XR, both iliopectinal and ilioischial lines are disrupted with intact obturator ring?

A

Transverse or Transverse/PW

33
Q

Obturator ring fractured with iliac wing intact, what is the acetabulum fracture?

A

T-Type

34
Q

Iliac wing disrupted and obturator ring, what is the acetabulum fracture?

A

AC/PHT, Both column

35
Q

What creates the highest acetabular contact pressures?

A

Getting up from a chair

36
Q

What travels with the round ligament or spermatic cord through the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

37
Q

Injury to the obturator nerve will cause hypesthesia where?

A

The inner thigh

38
Q

Corona mortis connects what?

A

External iliac to the obturator arteries

39
Q

What acetabulum approach has highest rate of HO?

A

Extended iliofemoral apprach

40
Q

Postraumatic DJD is seen highest in what acetabulum fracture?

A

Posterior wall involvement

41
Q

AVN rate highest for what Pipkin classification?

A

Type 3

42
Q

What is the mortality rate after hip fracture at 1 month and 1 year?

A

6% and 30%

43
Q

For intertroch fractures, the tip apex distance should be less than what?

A

25 mm

44
Q

Distal anterior perforation of a femoral IMN is associated with what starting point?

A

Posterior

45
Q

Where does the proximal piece go in subtrochanteric fractures?

A

Flexion, abduction, external rotation

46
Q

Use of a IMN for ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture is associated with what?

A

Increased risk of femoral neck malreduction and AVN

47
Q

What is the most common complication of a knee dislocation?

A

Stiffness, arthrofibrosis

48
Q

Indications for operative treatment of tibial plateau fractures?

A

3 mm articular step off, 3 mm condylar widening, knee instability, all medial and all bicondylar plateau fractures

49
Q

What has the highest compressive strength in bone boid?

A

Calcium phosphate

50
Q

BMP2 is approved for what type of tibia fracture and what type of fixation?

A

BMP2 is approved for open tibia fracture with treatment of an IMN

51
Q

Where are blocking screws in a proximal tibia fracture?

A

Proximal segment
Posterior and lateral to prevent valgus and apex anterior

52
Q

What is the acceptable angulation of the radial neck fracture in peds?

A

20-30 degrees angulation
Less than 45 degrees of rotaiton

53
Q

Apex dorsal angulation of BBFx in peds shoulder be immobilied in pronation or supination?

A

Supination

54
Q

Indications for BBFx in Peds: <10 or >10

A

<10: 15-20 degrees of angulation
>10: >10 degrees of angulation or bayonet
30 degrees of rotation at any age

55
Q

Acceptable alignment for DRF in peds

A

More than 5 years of growth remaining: 30 degrees angulation

Less than 5 years left: 30 - 5 per year less than 5 years of growth remaining

56
Q

Loss of reduction in peds casting is associated with case index above what?

A

0.84 (sagittal width/coronal width)

57
Q
A

basic science (10 decks)

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