Travel sickness Flashcards
(113 cards)
What are the risks of illnesses for travellers?
- Food or water born pathogens
- Systemic febrile illness e.g. malaria, typhoid
- dermatological problems caused by insects
What are the main risks of death for travellers?
- Lack of medical expertise
- poor road conditions
- swimming in unfamiliar waters
- extreme environmental conditions
- Men are 4 times more likely to die from trauma
What is the ABCD guide to malaria?
A= Awareness of risk- area of travel, activities, duration of stay
B= Bite Prevention
C= Chemoprophylaxis- Take antimalarial medication
D= Diagnosis- if high temperature of 38 or higher or develop symptoms seek medical attention
What causes traveller’s diarrhoea?
Many different bacteria, viruses and parasites worldwide.
What is the most common illness in those travelling from resource-rich to resource-poor countries?
Traveller’s diarrhoea (20-50% of travellers)
How can you contract traveller’s diarrhoea?
- Eating contaminated food or liquids. Mostly if foods have not been heated properly or left out at room temperature (pathogens are inactivated above 60 degrees).
Who is more at risk of diarrhoea?
- The very young
- the elderly
- those with special needs
- people adventurous with eating
Symptoms of traveller’s diarrhoea:
- Passage of 3 or more unfound stools in a 24-hour period.
- Often accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomitting
How long does travellers diarrhoea usually last?
3-4 days
When should an individual seek medical advice for a traveller’s diarrhoea?
- If symptoms don’t improve within a few days
- If passing blood or mucus
- Developing a fever
- Dehydration
What is the most important aspect of managing travellers’ diarrhoea?
Maintaining adequate fluids.
Can give oral rehydration powders such as Dioralyte or Electolade.
Or can give normal fluids with a sugar solution of 8 teaspoons of sugar and 1/2 teaspoon of salt to 1L of water.
When is Loperamide used for traveller’s diarrhoea?
if frequent diarrhoea is inconvenient e.g. long bus rides or meetings
When can Loperamide not be used for traveller’s diarrhoea?
-If the patient has ulcerative colitis
- If they have a fever
- If they have bloody diarrhoea
What age can you give Loperamide?
Should be used with caution and under specialist supervision in those under 12.
When would antibiotics be considered for traveller’s diarrhoea?
- If they gave a serious underlying medical condition or would seriously disrupt travel plans.
Which antibiotics are generally used for traveller’s diarrhoea?
Ciprofloxacin- generally the drug of choice as one dose of 500mg.
May use azithromycin
What is prickly heat?
Occurs when swear glands become blocked
What is the usual treatment for prickly heat?
A first-generation anti-histamine such as Diphenhydramine.
What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Heavy sweating
Tiredness
headaches
nausea
vomitting
fainting
When can heat exhaustion develop into heat stroke?
When fluids are NOT replaced and if the core body temperature is reduced.
What advice should be given on sunscreens?
- Broad spectrum protection against UVB and UVA
- Minimum SPF of 15
- Four-star rating
- If swimming or sweating should chose a water-resistant preparation
What advice should be given about sun exposure?
- sun screeen!!
- Avoid peak radiation levels (between 11-3 in the UK)
- Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before exposure and continue to reapply
What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A blood clot in one of the body’s deep veins, often in the lower leg. This can be fatal if it travels to the lungs.
What can cause DVT?
A period of inactivity e.g. after operations or long travel.