Treatment of Schizophrenia

Question 1

what are the four treatments of schizophrenia

Answer 1

• drug therapy
• CBT
• family therapy
• token economy system

Question 2

what is family therapy

Answer 2

interventions aimed at providing support for careers in an attempt to make family life less stressful

Question 3

what is family therapy often used alongside

Answer 3

drug treatments and in outpatient clinical care as a rehab strategy

Question 4

across what period of time is family therapy offered

Answer 4

3-12 months

Question 5

what is the minimum number of sessions family therapy takes place over

Answer 5

10 sessions

Question 6

what does family therapy target

Answer 6

reducing the level of expressed emotion

Question 7

what relationship was found between relapse rates and family therapy

Answer 7

25% relapse rate if treated with family therapy, 50% relapse rate if threat without

Question 8

how is expressed emotion reduced through family therapy (4 examples)

Answer 8

• psychoeducation (to understand SZ)
• creating alliance with carer and patient
• resolve any practical problems
• reduce the anger and guilt in family members

Question 9

what does CBT stand for

Answer 9

cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 10

what was CBT originally developed for

Answer 10

to provide treatment for symptoms that persist despite the use of medication

Question 11

what is the aim of CBT

Answer 11

deal with persisting positive and negative symptoms after medication and improve patients functioning

Question 12

what are the six processes for CBT

Answer 12

1 - assessment
2 - engagement
3 - ABC model
4 - normalisation
5 - critical collaborative analysis
6 - developing alternative explanations

Question 13

what is the assessment part of CBT

Answer 13

patient expresses their thoughts and feelings

Question 14

what is the engagement part of CBT

Answer 14

the therapist EMPATHISES with the patients feeling

Question 15

what is the ABC model part of CBT

Answer 15

the patient explanations their activity event, beliefs regarding this event and the consequences this causes

Question 16

what is the normalisation part of CBT

Answer 16

• therapist shares information on the prevalence of unusual experiences
• places where the patient is currently at on a scale with normal experiences

Question 17

why does the therapist provide info regarding the prevalence of unusual experiences in CBT

Answer 17

to reduce anxiety in the patient

Question 18

why does the therapist place where the patient is currently at on a scale with normal experiences in CBT

Answer 18

to make the patient feel like recovery is possible as they feel less stigmatised

Question 19

what is the critical collaborate analysis part of CBT

Answer 19

therapist empathetically and non-judgmentally questions the patient to help them understand their illogical deductions

Question 20

what is the developing alternative explanations part of CBT

Answer 20

new ideas are constructed with the therapists help

Question 21

summarise CBT simply

Answer 21

• patient states thoughts and feeling
• therapist empathises
• beliefs of patient are highlighted
• patient is made to believe recovery js possible
• new ideas are constructed

Question 22

what is the token economy system for

Answer 22

a management strategy for schizophrenia

Question 23

what is the token economy system

Answer 23

a behavioural therapy where desirable behaviours are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcements

Question 24

what theory is token economy system based on

Answer 24

operant conditioning

Question 25

what are the primary reinforcers in token economy system

Answer 25

fold or privileges

Question 26

what are the secondary reinforcers in token economy system

Answer 26

tokens

Question 27

how do the secondary reinforcers have value in token economy system

Answer 27

they are paired with the primary reinforcers

Question 28

when do patients receive the tokens in the token economy system

Answer 28

when the patient engages in a target behaviour

Question 29

when must the tokens be given out

Answer 29

immediately after the target behaviour is presented otherwise different behaviours could be reinforced

Question 30

give some examples of target behaviours in token economy system

Answer 30

washing, eating, making the bed, maintaining physical appearance

Question 31

name some of the primary reinforcers the tokens can be exchanged for in token economy system

Answer 31

- food - social benefits - comfort

Question 32

what are the three key principles for the token economy system

Answer 32

- assigning value to the tokens - reinforcing the target behaviours - the ‘trade’

Question 33

what is important about assigning value to tokens in the token economy system

Answer 33

the tokens need to be repeatedly present alongside/immediately before introducing the primary reinforcers

Question 34

why do the token and the stimulus need to be presented together

Answer 34

so the token acquires the same properties as the reinforcing stimulus so the correct behaviour is reinforced

Question 35

what is important about reinforcing target behaviours in token economy system

Answer 35

tokens are only given out if the desirable target behaviour is performed

Question 36

what makes a token more powerful in token economy system

Answer 36

if it can be exchanged for a wider range of rewards as this brings different privileges

Question 37

what is important about the trade in token economy system

Answer 37

token needs to be handed immediately after target behaviour performed