Trey LT2 Flashcards by Trey Verschoyle

Blotter Test (Accelerated Fuel Oil Stability Test) requires how much sample, at what temp, and for how long?

50 mL for 90 minutes at 300degF

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Blotter Test - How many rinses are required and with what solution?

Rinse three times with 10mL of N-Heptane

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Blotter Test - What filter paper is used?

4.25cm (42.5mm) No. 1 Whatman Paper

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Blotter Test - Volume of sample required?

50mL of sample to a 2.5cmx20cm

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Blotter Test - When determining the ASTM color what is an acceptable/passing result?

No. 7 or lower is considered passing

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How is ASTM 7039 Sulfur determined?

By using monochromatic wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF)

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ASTM 7039 - List sulfur ranges for diesel and gasoline

Diesel between 0-100 mg/kg
Gas between 0-500 mg/kg

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ASTM 7039 - What units are used to measure sulphuric concentrations?

mg/kg - rounded to the nearest 0.1mg/kg for concentrations <100mg/kg, and to the nearest 1mg/kg for concentrations >100mg/kg

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What test method do we use to determine the aniline point?

Test Method E

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Explain the test method to determine aniline point

Aniline and sample are mixed mechanically, then heated at a controlled rate until the two phases are miscible. The mixture is then cooled at a controlled rate and the temperature at which the two phases separate is recorded as the aniline point

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What is the maximum value that can be entered when running aniline point?

338degF or 170degC

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What hydrocarbon solvents are being tested for aniline point?

Aromatics (lowest aniline)

Paraffins (highest aniline)

Cycloparaffins and Olefins (between paraffins & aromatics)

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QC for Aniline

Heptane - Result should be 156.7 +/- 0.4degF

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Volumes used to test aniline

10mL of aniline and 10mL of sample

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Aniline point test modes

Standard Mode

Repeat mode A (RPA) - ASTM color 6.5 or less

Repeat mode B (RPB) - ASTM color over 6.5

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Cleaning aniline

20mL of toluene stirred for 10-20 seconds

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D2163 does what?

Determination of individual Hydrocarbons in LPGs by Gas Chromatography (GC)

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D2163 ranges

C1 - C5
0.01 - 100 volume % or mass %

Will not determine hydrocarbons heavier than C5 or non-hydrocarbon material

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D2163 is equipped with

Flame Ionization Detector (FID)

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D2163 Reagents

High purity Nitrogen/Helium to pressurize and clean LPG cylinders

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What does the conductivity test determine?

Gives a measurement of the conductivity when the fuel is uncharged (electrically at rest)

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Conductivity range

1 pS/m - 2000 pS/m

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What happens when the conductivity is sufficiently high?

Charges dissipate fast enough to prevent accumulation and dangerously high potentials in a receiving tank are avoided

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Conductivity procedure

M button 3 seconds w/o sample (zero +/- 001)

CAL button 3 seconds w/o sample (410 +/- 005)

Insert into sample covering top two holes

Press and hold M button for 3 seconds and record

Clean with Kim wipes and isopropyl alcohol and dry with nitrogen

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Temperature of sample for conductivity

72degF

D3242 Acid Test Titration Solvent

1000mL of Toluene, 10mL of water, 990mL of isopropyl alcohol

Acidity in aviation turbine fuel range

0.000 mg/g - 0.100 mg/g KOH (Present due to acid treatment or naturally occurring organic acids)

Acidity in aviation turbine fuel can cause what?

It can corrode metals that it contacts or it can impair the water separation characteristics

What size buret is used in acidity test.

10mL buret graduated in 0.05mL subdivisions

D3242 Acid Test procedure

100mL of titration solvent and 0.1mL of Naptholbenzein in clean 500mL flask Titrate to green/green-brown color and hold 15 seconds Record mLs used for blank Tare flask and weigh to 100g +/-5g (Record weight) Swirl flask vigorously (should be orange) Titrate to green/green-brown hold 15 seconds and record mLs used Formulate [(A-B)N x 56.1]/W A=KOH solution required for titration of sample B=KOH solution required for titration of blank N=normality of the KOH solution W=sample used

What can throw off results of acid test?

CO2

D3606 Benzene and toluene test ranges

Benzene between 0.1-5 vol% Toluene between 2-20% by volume

D3606 equipped with what for detection of components?

Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)

What is the Istd Wt of sec-butanol?

D3606 procedure

1mL sec-butanol into a 25mL flask Fill to mark with sample Invert 5 times to mix Fill GC vial

How do you report benzene and toluene contents?

In liquid volume percent to the nearest 0.01%

D4294 Horiba Sulfur ranges

0.01-5.00%

D4294 Horiba Sulfur is measure by what?

X-ray tube Sulfur atoms release characteristic X radiation

What cups and film are used for the Horiba D4294?

Spectro Sulfur cups No. 1850 Polypropylene Thin Film No. 3020

D4530 MCRT (Carbon) is heated to what temperature?

500degC Removed when <250degC

D4530 MCRT is equivalent to what?

Conradson Carbon Residue Test

D4530 MCRT- What gas is used and at what pressure?

Nitrogen (N2) is used and gauge should read 20psi +/- 1psi

D4815 Oxygenates determines what?

Ethers and alcohols in gasolines by gas chromatography Ex: MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, tert-pentanol

D4815 ether and alcohol ranges

Ethers: 0.20% - 20% by mass Alcohols: 0.20% - 12% by mass

D4815 uses what for detection?

Flame ionization detector (FID) 1st - Polar TCEP column 2nd - Non Polar WCOT column

D4815 procedure

Tare 10mL flask with stopper Add 0.5mL (approximately 0.4g) of DME and record weight Fill to mark with sample and record weight Invert 5 times and fill GC vial

D4928 Moisture Karl Fischer Titration range

0.02 - 5.0 mass or volume % in crude oils

D3606 and D4815 use what solvent to rinse?

Isooctane

Lubricity by HFRR uses how much sample and at what temperature?

2mL at 60degC

Lubricity by HFRR humidity is maintained at what percent?

30% to 85%

Lubricity by HFRR - How long is the ball rubbed against the disk?

Frequency of 50Hz for 75 minutes with a 1mm stroke

Lubricity by HFRR - Diameter and grade of steel ball

Diameter of 6.00mm Grade 28

Lubricity by HFRR - What size is test disk?

10mm

Lubricity by HFRR - How much weight is applied to steel ball?

200g

Lubricity by HFRR - Under what magnification is the wear scar measured?

100X magnification

Lubricity by HFRR - What reagents are used to clean disks/balls?

Heptane and Acetone

D6667 Antek Sulfur range

0-100mg/kg total sulfur

D6667 Antek Sulfur - What detector is used?

Photomultiplier tube (Sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide in high temp combustion tube prior)

D6667 Antek Sulfur - QC

Sample of 25ppm will be ran once a week

D6667 Antek Sulfur - Blank is ran prior to sample. What is acceptable result for blank?

<2ppm

D6667 Antek Sulfur - If on shutdown mode how long will the instrument need to warm up before proceeding?

30 minutes

D6667 Antek Sulfur - What do you regulate pressure to on the Accura?

0.1 LPM

D7042 Dynamic Viscosity - How can the kinematic viscosity be obtained?

By dividing the dynamic viscosity by the density Vk = Vd/D

D7042 Dynamic Viscosity - Can be ran at what temperatures?

40degC, 100degC, and -20degC

D7042 Dynamic Viscosity - What do you use to clean instrument?

Toluene first then Heptane. Connect air into injection port and run fan. Quality factor has to be green to be clean

D7546 Moisture in Lube Oils - Ranges

10mg/kg - 100,000mg/kg (0.001% wt./wt. - 10% wt./wt.)

D7546 Moisture in Lube Oils - What is test temperature set at?

180degC

D7546 Moisture in Lube Oils - How often do you replace the desiccant?

Every 300 tests

D7546 Moisture in Lube Oils - What reagents are used to clean vials?

Toluene and Heptane Do NOT use acetone

D88 Saybolt Viscosity - Temperature ranges

21degC - 99degC 70degF - 210degF

D88 Saybolt Viscosity - Sample size measured?

60mL Record time of flow in seconds to the nearest 0.1s <200, or the nearest 1.0s >200

BS&W - method valid for fuel oils in what range?

0-30% volume water and sediment

BS&W - What speed does the centrifuge spin?

1530rpm Delivers a rcf of 600 G at the tip of the tubes based on an 18” swing diameter.

BS&W - Temperature of centrifuge

140degF (+/- 5degF)

BS&W - What size tube is used?

203mm (8 inch) tube

BS&W - Will this detect dissolved solids?

BS&W - Heating block temperature

140degF / 60degC

BS&W - How long must you shake sample to homogenize?

1 minute

BS&W - Force range

Between 600-800 relative centrifugal force (rcf) at the tip of the tubes

BS&W - What increments used to record?

Nearest 0.05mL from 0.1-1.0mL Nearest 0.1mL on anything above the 1.0mL mark

D3227 Mercaptan Sulfur - Range

0.0003 - 0.01% mass (3 - 100 weight ppm)

D3227 Mercaptan Sulfur - What reagent is used for Gas & Naphtha?

Alkaline

D3227 Mercaptan Sulfur - What reagent is used for Distillates?

Acidic

D3227 Mercaptan Sulfur - How much sample is used in Three Rivers Lab?

35 grams

D3227 Mercaptan Sulfur - What method is used to determine the amount of sulfur as mercaptan?

Titrometric

WSIM - What is the purpose of this test?

To test for the presence of surfactants in aviation turbine fuels

WSIM - What is the scale that the results are reported?

0 - 100 to the nearest whole number

WSIM - How long should instrument warm up before use?

15 minutes

WSIM - What temperature should the sample be before testing?

65degF - 85degF

WSIM - How much distilled water is added to sample?

50 microliters

WSIM - What is the minimum rating that is allowed for the test to pass?

85 MSEP

D445 Kinematic Viscosity- How can you determine dynamic viscosity?

By multiplying the kinematic viscosity by the density Vd = Vk(D)

D445 Kinematic Viscosity- Measurement flow time should be greater than what?

200 seconds (Flow times of less than 200s are permitted, but a kinetic energy correction shall be applied)

D5453 Sulfur- RSD% should be less than what?

D5453 Sulfur - How is sulfur measured?

Injected into a high temperature combustion tube and detected by a photomultiplier tube

Volumetric Blends - What type of glassware is used when hand blending?

Class A

Volumetric Blends - What temperature should the sample, and all glassware be before blending?

0degC - 4degC

D93 Flash Point - What temperature range does this test method cover?

40degC - 370degC (104degF - 698degF)

D93 Flash Point - How full should a sample bottle of residual fuel oil be?

85 - 95%

D93 Flash Point - How full should sample bottle be?

50 - 85%

D93 Flash Point - What temperature should sample be before transferring?

Has to be at least 32degF below expected flash point

Fluoride - How is this determined?

GC is equipped with Electrolytic Conductivity Detector (ELCD)

Fluoride - Concentration range

1ppm - 100ppm

Mini Flash - How much sample is used in a 4mL cup?

1mL (@ 2.5degC/min)

Mini Flash - How much sample is used in a 7mL cup?

2mL (@ 5.5degC/min)

KF/KOH - If KF is too high, what is done to the process?

Lime is added

KF/KOH - If KF & KOH is too low, what is done to the process?

Fresh KOH is added

KF/KOH - What do these tests help accomplish?

Ensures the scrubber can neutralize HF gasses

KF/KOH - KF analysis requires how much sample?

0.4 grams in a 100mL flask (Record exact weight) Add DI water to line and mix Pour 50mL of sample and 50mL of TISAB II into a beaker w/stir bar. Insert probe and measure

KF/KOH - KOH Strength requires how much sample?

0.25 grams Fill with 60-80mLs of DI water and run on automatic

MDEA & H2S Titration- What does amine strength determine?

Strength determines viscosity High strength = inadequate contact Low strength = insufficient amine for absorption

MDEA & H2S Titration- What probe is used for amine strength?

pH probe

MDEA & H2S Titration- What probe is used for H2S loading?

Silver probe

MDEA & H2S Titration - Lean loading monitors what?

Performance of the regeneration process

MDEA & H2S Titration - Rich loading monitors what?

Contactor efficiency

MDEA & H2S Titration - Sample size for MDEA Strength?

0.1 - 0.2 grams Add 70mL of DI water

MDEA & H2S Titration - Sample size for H2S Rich solvent?

0.1 - 0.4 grams Add 70mL of NaOH solvent

MDEA & H2S Titration - Sample size for H2S Lean solvent?

5 - 30 grams Add 70mL of NaOH solvent

Gas Analysis by GC - What is used for hydrocarbons?

Front channel equipped with FID

Gas Analysis by GC - What channel is used for materials other than hydrocarbons?

TCD channel

D5452 Particulates - What size filter is used?

Millipore filters 0.8 micron

D5452 Particulates - What is the oven temp and how long does filter remain in oven?

100degC for 30min (Move to desiccator for 30min)

D5452 Particulates - What solvent, and how much, do you use to rinse sample container?

Petroleum Ether. 50mLs 4 times = 200mL

What can interfere with Karl Fisher data?

Mercaptan Sulfur

How is RGA reported?

Volume %

Refractive Index range?

1.33 - 1.60

What are you evaluating to determine lubricity?

Wear scar diameter

What does low amine in refinery an indication of?

Insufficient H2S absorption

Fluoride LPG - What method should you use?

Expected result of <5 - Low Method Expected result of >100 - High Method

Karl Fischer range

2.00 - 5.00

Aniline Point used for what?

Estimate of aromatics

What does a flare indicate?

H2S present

What do you use to calibrate the DO (Dissolved Oxygen)

Fresh Air

Dissolved Oxygen- How much sample should be in the bottle?

Bottle should be filled to the very top with cap seal

What detector is used for the Karl Fischer?

Electro metric endpoint detector

Karl Fischer - How long do you homogenize the sample prior to testing?

4 minutes

Trey LT2 Flashcards

(136 cards)