triglycerides Flashcards

1
Q

what is a lipid

A

a group of substances which are soluble in alcohol rather than water.

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2
Q

what is a macromolecule

A

a large, organic molecule

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3
Q

what is a phospholipid

A

molecule consisting of glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group

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4
Q

what is the role of cholestrol in the phospholipid membrane

A

binds to phospholipid fatty acid tails.
increasing packing of membrane

reducing fluidity of membrane

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5
Q

what elements are in a lipid

A

cho

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6
Q

describe the solubility of a lipid

A

not soluble in water because they arent polar

they are soluble in alcohol

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7
Q

what are the three most important lipids in living things

A

triglyceride
steroid
phospholipid

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8
Q

are lipids polymers

A

NO

instead they are macromolecules

-this was an exam question

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9
Q

describe triglyceride structure

A

glycerol
fatty acids

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10
Q

what is an essential fatty acid

A

a fatty acid which isnt synthesised in the body

needs to be ingested

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11
Q

describe the structure of a glycerol molecule

A

3 carbon atoms

three, free -OH groups

the rest are free hydrogen ions

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12
Q

describe the structure of a fatty acid

A

have a carboxyl group on one end attached to a hydrocarbon (CARBON atom chain, attached to multiple hydrogen ions)

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13
Q

why are fatty acids acidic

A

due to their free hydrogen ions

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14
Q

what is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

A

saturated- NOOOOO DOUBLE BOND BETWEEN CARBOM

Unsaturated- HAS A DOUBLE BOND.

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15
Q

describe how double carbon bonds impact structure of a hydrocarbon chain

A

gives it a kink where the double bond is

more fluid due to the kinks

and lower melting point if there are more unsaturated fatty acvids

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16
Q

what bond is used to bind glycerol and fatty acids

A

ester bond

17
Q

what reaction creates an ester bond

A

condensation

18
Q

where does the ester bind form between the glycerol a fatty acd

A

-COOH group on the fatty acid

and the -OH group on the carboxyl

19
Q

what are the 5 functions of the triglyceride

A

energy source

energy store

insulation

buoyancy

protection

20
Q

how are triglycerides energy source

A

can be broken down in respiration to release energy and generate ATP

the first step is to hydrolyse an ester bond.

both fatty acids can be broken down to carbon dioxide and water

21
Q

what do triglycerides get broken down in respiration

A

co2 and water

22
Q

how are triglycerides energy stores

A

because triglycerides when are insoluble in water, they can be stored without affecting the water potential of the cell

23
Q

what releases more energy glucose or lipid

A

lipids release 2x more energy than glucose

24
Q

how do lipids act as an insulator

A

e.g. lipids in nerve cells act as an electrical insulator

25
how do lipids act as a buoyancy agent
fat is less dense than water. helps mammals float
26
how is a triglyceride a protection factor
humans have fat around organs, such as kidney to protect them from damage
27
compare glucose and lipids as energy storage
glucose -large - insoluble - dont affect water potential of the cell -1-4 glycosidic bonds - easy to make and break to release glucose monomers coiled and take up less space. amylose, amylopectin- plants glycogen/ starch in animals lipids- fats have carbon-carbon hydrogen bonds contain 2x more energy than glucose molecule more energy can be stored in less space insoluble in water doesnt affect water potential