Tropical Storms

Question 1

What is a tropical storm

Answer 1

A low pressure spinning storm with high winds and torrential rain

Question 2

what conditions are needed

Answer 2

Heat - ocean 50m deep at 26-27 degrees
Moisture - 5 degrees north or south of equator
Spin - convergence pressure where high and low meet, Coriolis effect of earth causes right spin effect

Question 3

formation of tropical storm

Answer 3

1. air warmed by deep warm sea
2. warm air rises rapidly and created low pressure
3. air rushes into fill gap and rises in a spinning way (Coriolis effect)
4. warm air rises & condenses to form clouds

Question 4

Primery impacts

Answer 4

Heavy rainfall 100mm/day +
High winds 120km/h +
Storm Surges - rise in sea level = water pushed to land

Question 5

Secondary impacts

Answer 5

Flooding - high rain & storm surges
Landslides - water makes soil heavy
Flying debris
Wildfires
Power and communication losses

Question 6

social Primary effects

Answer 6

Drowning
Debris = injury
displacement

Question 7

Social secondary effects

Answer 7

food shortage from land damage = no transport and growth
polluted water supply = disease spread
homelessness

Question 8

envirnonmental primary effects

Answer 8

costal habitats destroyed
beaches erroded

Question 9

environmental secondary effects

Answer 9

salt water contamination
water changes cours due to debris
waterlogged land = no crops
animals displaced (crocs)

Question 10

econimic primary effects

Answer 10

agricultural land damaged
businesses lost

Question 11

economic secondary effecst

Answer 11

rebuilding and insurance pay out cost
source of income lost
economy declines

Question 12

political secondary effects

Answer 12

issues paying back international aid
pressure to change climate change to aim to reduce tropical storms

Question 13

how to prevent tropical storms

Answer 13

cant fully prevent but can mitigate climate change to prevent high category storms

Question 14

how to prepere for a tropical storm

Answer 14

educate on what to do
have evacuation plans and training
monitor cloud movement via satalites and warn at risk areas
have storm warning systems (phone alert in japan)

Question 15

mitigation of tropical storms

Answer 15

strengthen homes - door and window barriers
clear loose debris before storm

Question 16

How to adapt to a tropical storm

Answer 16

move away
implement flood defences - sea walls, levees, houses on stilts
design wind proof budlings

Question 17

case studys

Answer 17

Huricane katrina
Typhoon haiyan

Question 18

what happened (katrina)

Answer 18

Category 5 Hurricane august 2005
made landfall on florida then new orleans

Question 19

Primary effects of Katrina

Answer 19

6m storm surge
200km/h winds
200-250 mm rainfall
1833 deaths

Question 20

Long term effects of Katrina

Answer 20

Looting occurred
80% city flooded
1200 ppl drowned
1 million ppl made homeless
7 mil tonnes oil spilt

Question 21

Short term responses to Katrina

Answer 21

Superdome was opened for saftey but food and water quickly ran out
7.5 million hot meals were made for ppl

Question 22

Long term responses to Katrina

Answer 22

Levees heightened
Gov provided $50 mil aid
Pumps made to remove flood water
National guard restored law and order for future evacuations

Question 23

What happened (Typhoon Hiyan)

Answer 23

Cat 5 typhoon on 8th November 2013

Question 24

Primary effects of Haiyan

Answer 24

5m storm surge
314km/h winds
400mm rainfall
6300 deaths

Question 25

Secondary effects of hiyan

Answer 25

29000 injured 4.1mill homeless 14.5 mill effected $12 billion damage 1.1 mil houses destroyed

Question 26

Environmental impacts of hiyan

Answer 26

800 000 liter oil spill = 10 hectares of mangroves contaminated Landslides due to flooding

Question 27

Social impacts of hiyan

Answer 27

Water contamination via sea water & sewage = disease spread 8ppl died in food supply stampede Schools destroyed = education damaged

Question 28

Economic effects

Answer 28

Rice price increased by 12% by 2014 $700 mill lost by farmers and fishermen

Question 29

Immediat response to hiyan

Answer 29

800 000 ppl evacuated 1200+ evacuation centers set up 1mill food packages & 250 000 litres of water distributed in 2 weeks 3days after airports opened and aid was received 33 countries helped send aid

Question 30

Long term response to hiyan

Answer 30

Build back better established in 2014 to build back to protect in future No build set up Oxfam replaced fishing boats Cash for work program Storm surge warning system