Volcanos

Question 1

what are the landforms volcanos create ?

Answer 1

Ocean Ridges
Rift valleys
Deep see trenches
Island arcs
Young fold mountains
Fault lines
Hot spots

Question 2

what is an ocean ridge

Answer 2

constrictive boundary
sea floor spreads via magma plumes
magma rises
new crust created
basaltic lave - low viscosity

Mid Atlantic ridge

Question 3

Rift valley characteristics

Answer 3

constructive boundary
crust moves apart
crust stretches & gets thinner
magma rises, breaks crust & creates new crust

Great African rift valley

Question 4

deep sea trench

Answer 4

destructive boundary
subduction zone
oceanic crust melts and rises up through the crust
andesitic lava - vicious and explosive

Mariana Trench

Question 5

Island arc

Answer 5

destructive boundary
subduction zone
oceanic crust melts and rises up through the crust
andesitic lava - vicious and explosive

Question 6

Young fold mountains

Answer 6

collisional boundary
2 continental crusts meet and push upwards

Himalayas

Question 7

Fault Lines

Answer 7

conservative boundary
2 plates move parallel and create stress
the surface breaks as a result

san Andreas fault

Question 8

Hot spots

Answer 8

the core causes magma to become radioactive
magma plumes eat at crust
basaltic lava
breaks through crust

Hawai

Question 9

How many types of volcanos are there

Answer 9

5
Fissure
Shield
Dome/composit
Ash&cinder
Caldera

Question 10

Fissure volcano

Answer 10

Constructive
Ridges and valleys
Basaltic lava ejected through fissures

Question 11

Shield

Answer 11

Constructive
Basaltic lava flows from central vent
Travels before solidifying
Forms layers
Genuinely sloped

Question 12

Dome/composit

Answer 12

Destructive boundary Andesitic lava from central vent
Solidifies quick
Forms layers
Steep sided

Question 13

Ash & cinder

Answer 13

Fine ash and cinder ejected from central vent
Builds up & creates layers

Question 14

Caldera

Answer 14

Gas builds in chamber and explodes
Creates sides collapse
Depression can be filled with water

Question 15

What are the volcanic hazards

Answer 15

Pyroclastic flow
Nuee ardent
Tephra
Lava flow
Lahar/mudflow
Acid rain

Question 16

Pyroclastic flow

Answer 16

Hot ash and lava
200m/s
Travel large distances
350-1000°

Question 17

Pyroclastic flow impacts

Answer 17

Burns
Destroyes everything in its path
Fires
Melt water and cause floods & lahars

Question 18

Nuer ardent

Answer 18

Cloud of dence material
50km from source
“Glowing cloud”

Question 19

Tephra

Answer 19

Ejected rock from explosion
Small = far
Big =close

Question 20

Nuee ardent & tephra impacts

Answer 20

Ash = breathing difficulties, blocks light, change temp
Damage crops
Interup communication
Endanger air travel

Question 21

Lava flow

Answer 21

Basaltic lava
10km/h
100 + km
Destroy everything in its path

Question 22

Lava flow impacts

Answer 22

Trigger lahar
Methane build up and cause explosion
Ignites fires
Water evaporate immediately and cause molton showers

Question 23

Case study

Answer 23

Eyjafjnallajokull Iceland 2010, 3 rating volcanic explosively index

Question 24

What type of Volcano was is (case study)

Answer 24

Composite volcano on constructive bounty

Question 25

What caused the eruption (case study)

Answer 25

Ridge push moved the plates and magma rose and filled the chamber

Question 26

Primary effect on ppl (case study)

Answer 26

Had to wear face masks to prevent chocking on ash

Question 27

How many people evacuated (case study)

Answer 27

700

Question 28

primary effect on air travel (case study)

Answer 28

ash clouds causes a no fly zone to be established over europe airlines lost £130 mil a day

Question 29

primary effect on light

Answer 29

ash cloud blocked sun and turned day to night

Question 30

what primary effect did the meltwater cause

Answer 30

floods caused due to heat melting the ice pack which lead to roads, buildings and plats to be destroyed

Question 31

secondary effects of 2010 eyja

Answer 31

sporting events and flights cancelled water supplies were contaminated fresh food and raw imports were stopped kenyas flower industry lost $1.3 mill a day due to lack of flights to europe

Question 32

what opportuniies did eyjak bring to iceland

Answer 32

no flights ment 2.8 million tonnes of co were not emitted into the atmosphere iron from the ash entered the north atlantic sea, caused a plankton boom and increased biological processes promoted tourism and use of other transport services, 1/3 increased eurostar passengers

Question 33

Lahar

Answer 33

Ash & material mix with water Highly erosive 60km/h Engulf everything Melt ice

Question 34

Lahar impacts

Answer 34

Melt snow = floods Silt up river = future floods Trap ppl Destroy everything

Question 35

Acid rain

Answer 35

Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide mix with water

Question 36

Acid rain impacts

Answer 36

Poison water supplies Death Dizziness Make oceans & water acidic = kill wildlife Crops destroyed

Question 37

Volcanic hazards

Answer 37

Pyroclastic flow Nuee ardent Tephra Lava flow Acid rain