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ERS 383 > Tropical Veg > Flashcards

Tropical Veg Flashcards

1
Q

What dominates tropical flora?

A
  • Trees(angiosperms and Gymnosperms), ferns (pteridophytes) and Mosses (bryophytes)
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2
Q

What is climate?

A
  • temp, precip, solar rad and wind
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3
Q

What is canopy stratifitcation?

A
  • variation in tree height creating layers of tree canopies
  • Trees in lower canopies have needle-like leaves due to the lack of sun light
    -tree stems are straight to reach top of canopy
  • Emergent
  • Closed canopy I,II
  • low veg and ground cover
  • biota specific to each strata
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4
Q

Emergent

height, light, growth rate, biota

A
  • widely spaced tall trees, 30m +
  • above rest of forest
  • umbrella-shaped canopy
  • small leaves
  • some species are deciduous during dry periods
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5
Q

Closed Canopy I,II

height, light, growth rate, biota

A
  • I at 20 m
    -light readily available
  • II at 10 m
  • little air movement
  • high humidity
  • high biodiversity , birds, sloths, monkeys, ant eaters
  • many epiphytes (orchids, mosses)
  • many insect types
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Shrub and sapling layer

height, light, growth rate, biota

A
  • 5m height
  • 3 to 5% light passes through
  • slow growth
  • gaps have faster growth
  • small mammals, birds, insects
  • ## shrubs, sapplings, woody vines
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8
Q

Ground layer & forest floor

height, light, growth rate, biota

A
  • sparce plant growth
  • rapid decay due to humidity
  • 1% light
  • shade tolerant plants
  • only get 2/3 of precip
  • large mammals, gorilas reptiles, amphipbians
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9
Q

what stratifiies birds?

A

the canopy layers verticaly stratify the birds

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10
Q

Tree stature

height shape, location

A
  • straigh, long, slender trunks
  • tallest tress grow in lowlands
  • 25m to 90m height
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11
Q

Buttress

A
  • roots flairing out from trunk
  • 2 to 3m radius
  • may provide suport in shallow soil
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12
Q

Proproots

A
  • stilit roots
  • radiate from base
  • pushes tree base above waterline to beat anoxia
  • common in flood plains abd mangrove forests
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13
Q

Surface roots

A
  • shallow widespread roots system
  • common in area with poot/thin nutrient soils
  • roots extended from the tree 30m to find nutrients
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14
Q

Tree bark

A
  • differencieates species of tree
  • smooth pale and dark patched
  • some trees have distinct colour bark
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15
Q

Emergent tree crown

A

umbrella shaped , flattend

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15
Q

Factors effecting Tree Crown

A
  • light availability
  • crowding
16
Q

tree height and crown diameter relationship

A

as tree height increases crown height decreases

17
Q

Tropical leaves

shape, size,ablilities

A
  • no distinct lobe like in NA
  • Leaves are larger and longer
  • can fix N2
  • radiate like spokes from center
18
Q

Tropical leaves

A
  • oval
  • un-lobed
  • Waxy
  • Smooth margins rather than
  • sharp pointed ends to facilitate with drip mechanics
19
Q

Why do tropical Trees drop their leaves?

A
  • increaesed shading due to competition and shading in crown
  • damage caused by herbivores wind or fallinmf debris
  • Dry szn
20
Q

Tropical Flowers

look and polination

A
  • large colourful, fragrant, blossoms
  • Red, yellow, orange(pollinated by birds)
  • others pollinated by incects
  • some rely on wind
21
Q

Tropical fruits and seeds

A
  • animial shit them out
  • size range from small to large dependent on aniaml ment to conume it
  • winds dispured seeds are unapealing, taste ass
22
Q

vines

A
  • use other plants for supoet, no woody mats
  • grow in vairing tropics both soil and water extreams
  • no value
23
Q

Vines in dry tropics

A
  • old fields, roadsides, swampedges , forests
  • grow rapildy in rain szn
  • rapid regen, fire retardant
  • can become woody and is deciduous
24
Q

vines in humid conditions

A
  • 20cm in diameter
  • 4cm/day
  • when trees die vines may prevent them from falling due to to entangelment
25
Q

Lianas

A
  • Woodly vines
  • when old trees fall they can take down healthy trees too
  • dense occurance of lianas can prevent productivity
26
Q

Strangeler fig (hemi-epipytes)

A
  • start as ephities but become rooted to the ground
  • use tree as support
  • strangles tree
  • reduces photosynth capacity
  • suport tree can die, leaving skeleton fig
27
Q

epiphytes

A
  • grow off of the soil
  • grow on other plants ,moist habitat
  • nutirents from rain water
  • Occupy specific habitats, inside crown, above ground, away form other epiphyes
  • produe small seeds
28
Q

Plant reproduction in the tropics

A
  • asexual
  • regeneration of new plants from vegitiative part of parent plant
  • roots, stems or plants can reproduce vegitatively

ERS 383 (5 decks)

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