troubles at home and abroad xx

Question 1

1. who was mary queen of scot’s?

Answer 1

elizabeth’s cousin

Question 2

2. what religion is mary queen of scot’s?

Answer 2

catholic

Question 3

3. when did mary queen of scot’s become queen?

Answer 3

Became Queen of Scotland in 1542, at only eight-days-old.

Question 4

4. who did mary queen of scot’s marry?

Answer 4

Married the heir to the French throne in 1558 and was briefly queen of two countries.

Question 5

5. how was mary queen of scot’s air to the throne?

Answer 5

As Elizabeth had no children, Mary was also heir to the throne of England, some believed she was in fact the rightful queen.

Question 6

6. why after her husband’s death when she returned to Scotland
   had she become became increasingly unpopular?

Answer 6

Scotland had become increasingly Protestant

Question 7

7. when and why did mary QoS flee to england?

Answer 7

In 1567, having been accused of the murder of her second husband,

Question 8

8. why was protestants worrisome about mary QoS arrival in england?

Answer 8

They were worried that she might
directly lead, or simply inspire, a rebellion against Elizabeth.

Question 9

9. who called for mary’s execution when she fled to england?

Answer 9

Parliament and a number of privy councilors called for Mary’s execution, but Elizabeth was hesitant.

Question 10

10. how long was mary QoS kept under close guard and moved around England

Answer 10

for the next 19 years.

Question 11

11. was mary QoSin any plots against elizabeth?

Answer 11

she was not directly involved in plots against Elizabeth, she was certainly an inspiration for several. One final plot in 1586 did seem to involve Mary directly.

Question 12

12. who was the plotter in the babington plot?

Answer 12

In 1586, a rich young Catholic named Anthony Babington planned to kill
Elizabeth, rescue Mary and place her on the throne.

Question 13

13. what was the plot for the babington plot?

Answer 13

Babington needed to know if Mary supported his plan.
He managed to get Mary’s servants to hide coded messages within beer barrels that were sent to her room. The messages reached Mary and she replied, giving her backing to the plot.

Question 14

14. how was the babington plot uncovered?

Answer 14

Unfortunately for Mary, the servants were spies for Sir Francis Walsingham,
Elizabeth’s spymaster. The original message and Mary’s reply were decoded and taken straight to Elizabeth.

Question 15

15. what was the aftermath of the babington plot?

Answer 15

With such clear evidence, Elizabeth had little choice but to act. Although
still hesitant, she ordered that Mary should go on trial for treason.

Question 16

16. when was the trial for mary QoS?

Answer 16

In October 1586,

Question 17

17. what was the result of the trial?

Answer 17

She was found guilty and sentenced to death on 25 October.

Question 18

18. what was the execution of mary QoS like?

Answer 18

• Elizabeth was reluctant to sign Mary’s death warrant. She feared that executing a fellow monarch might inspire her enemies, or that Mary’s son James might want revenge.

• She was also concerned about the reaction of the Catholic powers:
and Spain.

• Despite this, she signed the death warrant on 1 February 1587.

Question 19

19. what was the impact of mary QoS execution?

Answer 19

• Without Mary, Catholics had no clear alternative monarch.
The new heir to the English throne was Mary’s son James - a protestant.

• Elizabeth’s concern about the reaction abroad was unwarranted - there was outrage but no action from France or Spain. King James of Scotland accepted Elizabeth’s apology for the death of his mother.

Question 20

20. what did the tension between England and Spain lead to?

Answer 20

war

Question 21

21. why was there conflict between spain and england?

Answer 21

•the issue of marriage

•religious differences

•the netherlands

•papal bull

Question 22

22. why was there conflict between spain and england because of the issue of marriage?

Answer 22

• King Philip I of Spain had been
married to Elizabeth’s sister, Mary I.

• Philip proposed to Elizabeth in 1559, but, as with many other suitors, she kept him waiting for an answer. As it became clear that the marriage would not take place, tensions between the countries grew.

Question 23

23. why was there conflict between spain and england because of the papal bull?

Answer 23

• In 1570, the Pope excommunicated
Elizabeth and called for all Catholics to
challenge her rule. As a Catholic, Philip was keen to follow the Pope’s instructions.

Question 24

24. why was there conflict between spain and england because of the religious difference?

Answer 24

• Elizabeth had returned England
to the Protestant faith after the
Catholic years of Mary | (1553-58). Spain had remained Catholic throughout all the religious changes of the Reformation. Such opposing religious ideas led to conflict.

Question 25

why was there conflict between spain and england because of the the netherlands?

Answer 25

• As well as Spain, Philip also ruled the Netherlands. In 1566, there was a Protestant uprising in the country. Philip sent troops to restore order but this led to even greater resistance from the rebels. •Elizabeth agreed to send money to support the Protestants and allowed English volunteers to go and help in the fight. She also let rebel ships use English ports. Al of this angered philip greatly angered Philip greatly, •1584. In December 1585, Elizabeth finally agreed to send English troops to support her fellow Protestants. • was a clear act of war against Spain.

Question 26

26. what did england france and spains superiority in the sea rely on?

Answer 26

• the size of the fleet • tactics •technology

Question 27

27. how did england france and spain use the size of the fleet to have superiority in the sea ?

Answer 27

During Elizabeth's reign, under the command of John Hawkins, England's navy continued to grow. At the same time, Philip of Spain spared no expense in trying to make his navy the largest and most powerful in the world.

Question 28

28. how did england france and spain use tactics to have superiority in the sea ?

Answer 28

• When full scale battles were fought, a tactic called the line of battle was sometimes used. Ships formed into a single line and fired together on the enemy. The aim was to sink as many as possible. • Raids were a common form of attack. They took enemy ports by surprise and destroyed as many ships as possible before the enemy had the chance to fight back. • Fireships were an effective tactic used in the sixteenth century. An old ship would be set alight and sent into the middle of the enemy fleet. This would send panic across the wooden ships and cause great damage at little risk to the attacker.

Question 29

29. how did england france and spain use technology to have superiority in the sea ?

Answer 29

• A new type of triangular sail, known as a lateen, allowed for much faster travel and new ships allowed for greater speed and manoeuvrability. • New, more powerful cannons meant it was now possible to fire at enemy ships from a distance.

Question 30

30. what was the plan for the spanish armada?

Answer 30

• In 1588, Philip I of Spain launched his great Armada: 151 ships, 7000 sailors and 34,000 soldiers would sail to the Netherlands and collect more men before invading England • Philip was so confident that he would defeat the English navy that he filled the ships with weapons for land battles that would follow once the fleet arrived in England.

Question 31

31. how did english strike first in the spanish armada?

Answer 31

• By 6 August the Armada was anchored off the Dutch coast . • They were delayed for several days waiting for additional soldiers to arrive. • At this moment the English, chose to strike. Early on 7 August, eight fireships were sent into the Spanish fleet. There was mass panic and the well-organised Armada was plunged into chaos.

Question 32

32. what was the battle of the spanish armada?

Answer 32

• The English fired constantly from a distance The Spanish ships were badly damaged but none were sunk. • Recognising how bad the situation was, the Spanish commander tried to lead his battered ships home. The English gave chase.

Question 33

33. what was the storm part of the spanish armada?

Answer 33

• A great storm blew the retreating Armada way off course. • Their food rotten, their water polluted and with no maps for the waters around northern Britain, many ships were wrecked.

Question 34

34. what contributed to the armadas being defeated?

Answer 34

•the weather •english tactics •spanish mistakes

Question 35

35. how did english tactics contribute to the armada being defeated?

Answer 35

• The fireships broke the formation of the fleet and made individual ships vulnerable to attack. • The bombardment by the English cannons made regrouping impossible. • The English had faster ships and more experienced and skilled commanders.

Question 36

36. how did the weather contribute to the armada being defeated?

Answer 36

• Storms caused great destruction to the Spanish fleet. • The storms delayed their return to Spain, meaning that their food and water went off or ran out.

Question 37

37. how did spanish mistakes contribute to the armada being defeated?

Answer 37

• Spanish ships were designed for the Mediterranean and could not cope with the harsh conditions of the English Channel and the North Sea, • They were delayed in the Netherlands because, the soldiers were not ready to board, • Their weapons were mostly for land use, leaving them almost defenceless at sea. • The commander of the fleet was inexperienced.

Question 38

38. what were the consequences of the defeat of the armada!

Answer 38

• The Armada's defeat was a great victory for Elizabeth. It proved that England was a major naval power. The country could not • Under threat of foreign invasion, most Catholics had declared their total loyalty to Elizabeth. It made Elizabeth even more popular and respected as a leader, and helped boost the idea of the 'Golden Age':