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Truman Foreign Policy Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

When was the year of fear

A

1949

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2
Q

What two things happened in 1949?

A

China fell to communism
Soviets got atomic bomb

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3
Q

When was the formation of NATO

A

1949

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4
Q

3 impacts of NATO

A

US leaders of the Western Bloc
first peacetime military alliance
solidified US military leadership in western world

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5
Q

What was ‘duck and cover’ a program for

A

1950 Civil Defence

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6
Q

What was civil defence

A

Educational campaigns to get USA ready for nuclear war, evacuation drills, fallout shelters

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7
Q

What did Truman do to Israel

A

formally recognised the state of Israel - to win Jewish votes

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8
Q

Impact of Truman and Israel

A

exacerbated Middle East tensions
Arab states attacked Israel days after T’s proclamation

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9
Q

American thoughts on China

A

Republicans blamed democrats - T’s state dept. had ‘communist sympathisers’
T should not have allowed to happen

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10
Q

Who lost the civil war in China

A

Chiang-Kai-Shek

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11
Q

Where did Chiang-Kai-Shek flee to

A

Taiwan

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12
Q

How much did USA give to Chiang-Kai-Shek

A

$2 billion

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13
Q

Why did Truman give aid to France against Ho Chi Minh

A

saw as part of cold war - Stalin’s puppet

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14
Q

How much did Truman give to French war effort

A

$2 billion
78% of total war costs

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15
Q

Truman’s Korean war motives

A

contain communism
criticism losing Asia - upcoming midterm elections

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16
Q

Korea after WW2

A

Communist North - USSR occupied
Non-communist south - USA occupied
divided by 38th parallel

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17
Q

What started Korean war

A

June 1950
100,000 NK troops invaded

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18
Q

Truman response

A

ordered ‘UN police action’
army primarily Americans
sent air and naval assistance

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19
Q

Who lead Korean war

A

General McArthur

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20
Q

What did McArthur do

A

lead amphibious assault on Inchon - September 1950

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21
Q

MacArthur’s victory impact

A

catalysed T’s change in warm aim
popular demand for revenge

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22
Q

What prevented rollback

A

Chinese intervention
neither USSR, USA or China wanted WW3

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23
Q

Truman’s initial war aim

A

drive NK forces out of SK

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24
Q

Korean war stats

A

36,914 Americans died
14% of GDP in final year
labelled Truman’s war
prolonged armistice agreement - refused to return Chinese PoWs
approval rate 22%

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25
wider context links to Korea
cold war anxieties iron curtain completed fear of Soviet expansion world power balance shifted after 1949 USA and Soviets dramatically increased defence expenditure
26
Korea success
South Korea saved - containment worked
27
Korea failure
Reunification failed
28
When was the Potsdam conference
17th July- 2nd August
29
Potsdam agreements
German reparations, disarmament and Nazi trials divided Germany into 4 zones of occupation
30
Truman announcement at Potsdam
weapon of 'mass destruction' - wanted to establish his power on the world stage
31
What were Stalin's aims with Japan
wanted to invade - Truman did not want Japan to be divided like Germany
32
USA military reasons for bombs
Japan no indication of surrender - using Kamikaze pilots Would have to invade USA warned civilians to leave before bombing Japan refused unconditional surrender
33
Political reasons for bombs
bombed civilian cities Russian army planning to invade USA propaganda - revenge for Pearl Harbour, Truman filmed signing the bomb Arms Race with Germany - Manhattan project American Exceptionalism
34
What percentage supported dropping the bombs
85%
35
What percentage wanted more dropped
23%
36
Hiroshima dead
140,000
37
Nagasaki dead
80,000
38
Hiroshima 'military target'
90% civilians and had 1 military base
39
Racial factor
over 100,000 citizens with Japanese heritage removed from homes in Pacific Coast State - 2/3 were US citizens by birth, 120,000 sent to concentration camps
40
Truman's FP attitudes
staunch anti-communist no experience of international relations and required compromises, less willing to deal with Stalin
41
What percent of the world's income did US have after ww2
42%
42
America post-ww2 positives
atomic monopoly joined late - less devastation, American Exceptionalism
43
What is the Berlin Blockade known as
prestige engaging showdown
44
What did Stalin do to Berlin
blockaded it (shut down routes to the city) citing technical difficulties
45
Truman's Berlin Blockade response
political brinkmanship
46
East Berlin's population
2.5 million
47
How many tons of supplies did Truman send
1.5 million
48
Who did Truman deploy in Berlin blockade
RAF
49
When Stalin lift the blockade
May 1949
50
US propaganda victory of Berlin Blockade
superpower status, demonstrated US wealth, reinvented Germans into brave heroes and resilience against blockade
51
What did Berlin Blockade justify
creation of NATO
52
Why did Soviets back down during Berlin blockade
US atomic monopoly, Truman deployed B-29 bombers in Britain (nuclear capable)
53
When was West Germany created
early 1949
54
When was East Germany created
Oct 1949
55
Berlin Blockade known as for Truman
finest hour in foreign policy
56
NATO significance
completed the division in Europe stabilised Europe - knew where they stood Soviet response - Warsaw Pact Rearmament of west Europe Collective defence pact
57
Turkey and Greece
Truman Doctrine gave $5b in funding - dissolved communist threat
58
What domestic support did the Marshall Plan receive
Bipartisan
59
What domestic criticism did Marshall Plan receive
US capabilities - were states worth supporting
60
Marshall Plan catalyst
Soviet seized control in Czechoslovakia 1948
61
How much USA give in Marshall aid
$17 billion
62
Marshall Plan alternative name
European Recovery Plan
63
how long did Marshall aid last for
4 years
64
How much did industrial production rise in Europe (Marshall Plan)
35% - fastest period of growth in history
65
Marshall Plan impact cold war
est. cold war parameters Soviets and Eastern Europe refused aid
66
Marshal plan impact image
USA as protector of Europe and alienated Stalin
67
What did USA create from Marshall aid exports
new markets
68
Truman Doctrine made capitalism more
appealing
69
Republicans and Truman Doctrine
controlled congress - granted Truman money even as Presidential election approached (bipartisan approach)
70
USSR Truman Doctrine response
tightened hold on Eastern Europe - sealed division
71
Truman FP aims
containment, superpower status

History (4 decks)

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