Truman Import Flashcards
(210 cards)
1
Q
no blitz, economic improvement, no invasion, less social disruption
A
why was the US experience of WWII different? (4)
2
Q
400,000
A
The number of US military casualties in WWII
3
Q
6
A
The number of US civilian casualties in WWII
4
Q
42%
A
With 7% of the world’s population how much of the worlds income was raised by the USA by 1945
5
Q
50%
A
How much of the world’s manufacturing output did the USA produce by 1945
6
Q
1933-38
A
The New Deal dates
7
Q
8.5%
A
In the 12 years of FDRs presidency how much annual GDP growth did America enjoy
8
Q
320,000
A
Asian American population by 1950
9
Q
Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 (McCaren Walter act)
A
The act that made Asian American immigration easier
10
Q
10%
A
percentage of the US population that African Americans made up in 1945
11
Q
2 million
A
Number of Hispanic Americans in 1945
12
Q
February 1945 (2)
A
Date of the Yalta Conference + Date of Kennan’s long telegram
13
Q
split Germany, free elections in eastern Europe, Russia help for war in Pacific
A
3 key agreements made at Yalta Conference
14
Q
July-August 1945
A
Date of the Potsdam Conference
15
Q
German disarmament/reparations, nuremberg trials, polish borders
A
3 key agreements made at Potsdam
16
Q
The Atom Bomb
A
what did Truman fail to notify Stalin about at the Potsdam conference
17
Q
National Security Act, 1947 (3)
A
What act created the CIA, NSC and merged the department of war and Navy to form the department of defence? when was it passed?
18
Q
April 1950
A
When Was NSC-68 issued?
19
Q
Soviets Successful A Bomb test- what does this cause?
A
What was NSC-68 a response to?
20
Q
$37 billion (to $50 billion)
A
how much did NSC-68 increase defence spending for 1950 by?
21
Q
February/March 1946
A
When did US support for the french in Indochina begin?
22
Q
march 1947
A
When did Truman give the ‘Truman Doctrine’ speech?
23
Q
$400 million
A
How much money did Truman ask for to implement to Truman doctrine?
24
Q
Dean Acheson
A
Truman’s Secretary of State after 1948
25
$17 billion
How much money did the Marshall Plan give in support of the recovery of European nations following WWII?
26
1948-1949
Berlin Airlift Dates
27
1.5 million
how many tonnes of supplies were flown in over the duration of the airlift
28
April 1949
When was NATO set up
29
brinkmanship
pushing an opponent to the edge in the hope that back down first
30
1949-52
dates of US occupation of Japan
31
October 1949
When did China 'fall' to communism?
32
78%
what percentage of the costs for the French war in Indochina did the Truman administration cover?
33
(January) 1950
when was Dean Acheson's 'defensive perimeter' speech given?
34
the 38th parallel
the name given to the divide between North and South Korea
35
June 1950
when did the Korean war break out?
36
It was a UN police action
what technicality allowed Truman to intervene in Korea without congressional approval?
37
the Yalu river
what point did the UN forces reach before Chinese intervention?
38
April 1951
When was McArthur dismissed as commander of the UN forces in Korea after criticising Truman and advocating the use of Nuclear weapons against the Chinese.
39
138,000
how many US troops were killed/injured in the Korean War?
40
22%
how low was Truman's approval rating by 1952 (according to a gallup pole in february)?
41
14%
what % of US GDP did the Korean war cost in its final year?
42
Containment
What is the term characterising Truman's policy towards communism?
43
peace is hell
what did Truman famously declare about peacetime in 1946
44
The Bretton Woods conference, 1944
where/when were the IMF and World Bank created (both of which were headquartered in NYC)?
45
Fair Deal
What was the name of Truman's domestic policy initiative?
46
12 million
how many soldiers were about to return after WWII
47
Gradually
how did Truman introduce servicemen into the civilian work force?
48
5%
what was the maximum percentage of unemployment under Truman?
49
15%
what was the inflation rate by 1947?
50
Anti-lynching, national healthcare, increase in minimum wage
Key fair deal legislation that never passed
51
veterans, permanent FEPC, civil rights
Which Fair deal legislation actually passed?
52
75¢ an hour
what did Truman want to increase minimum wage to from 45¢ an hour?
53
college education, mortgages, 1 year of unemployment benefit
what did the GI bill help ex servicemen secure (financially)?
54
1945-50
what period was considered the 'baby boom' in the US
55
90%
how much had output increased between 1939 and 1948?
56
5.8 million
by what figure had annual business investment rates risen between 1946 and 1955?
57
5000
how many strikes occurred in 1946 (representing 4.5 million workers)?
58
Republicans
who controlled both houses of congress after the 1946 mid term elections
59
Strom Thurmond
who broke away from the democrats at the 1948 democratic convention
60
the States Rights Party (Dixiecrats)
what independent party did Strom Thurmond form on an anti civil rights platform
61
1948 election
in which election did the democrats regain control of both houses of congress?
62
Dewey
who did Truman unexpectedly defeat in the 1948 election
63
the Chicago Tribune
which paper ran the headline 'Dewey defeats Truman' expecting Truman to loose the 1948 election?
64
rail workers strike
during which 1946 strike did Truman threaten to draft striking workers into the army?
65
the 1949 housing act (urban renewal)
which act attempted to clear up inner city slums (making the African American housing situation worse)
66
1948, Executive order 9981
when were the arms forces desegregated? By what?
67
(33-28)% -5% difference
By what % did the number of Americans living in poverty fall between 1949 and 1952?
68
205
how many names of communists working in the US state department did Joseph McCarthy claim to have?
69
1948 trial of Alger Hiss
In what HUAC trial did Richard Nixon first come to prominence?
70
25% in 14 days (double the increase in the previous 3 years)
By how much did the cost of consumer goods rise, in how many days, on June 30th 1946 due to soaring inflation after the OPA stopped imposing a maximum price on goods?
71
(less than) 80,000
how many members did the American communist party have in 1947
72
Ethel and Julius Rosenburg
which two people were executed in 1953 for apparently disclosing nuclear secrets to the soviets?
73
August 1949
when did the soviets first successfully test an atomic bomb?
74
9835
which executive order established federal loyalty boards to root out communist sympathisers?
75
Hollywood 10
what is the name for the famous group of suspected communists in the film industry blacklisted by HUAC in 1948?
76
1952 internal security act
which act, allowing communists to be denied passports, did Truman attempted to veto (receiving the support of only 58 members of congress)?
77
Lame Duck Presidency
the term used to describe the period towards the end of a presidency (either the end of their second term or if they had announced they will not seek re-election) when their ability to enact policy is hampered by lack of cooperation/dissent?
78
separate but equal
the precedent set by the Plessy vs Ferguson decision
79
de jure segregation
the name for segregation enshrined in law
80
de facto segregation
the name for segregation enforced not by law but by social convention and cycles of poverty
81
the Pittsburgh Courier
which newspaper started the double v campaign which encouraged African Americans to seek victory against racism at home as well as victory in war?
82
(over) 1 million
The figure which membership of the NAACP had reached by 1952
83
NAACP legal defence fund
the name for the NAACP division that brought cases to the supreme court - associated with Thurgood Marshall - founded in 1939
84
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)
the civil rights group founded in 1942
85
Brotherhood of sleeping car porters
The Civil Rights group led by A Philip Randolph
86
Nation of Islam
the group to which Malcolm X famously belonged until 1964
87
2.5 million
how many African Americans migrated North during the 1940's and 50's?
88
restrictive covenants
what prevented Blacks in the North from moving out of Ghetto areas even if they were financially able?
89
Adam Clayton Powell
the name of the black politician who represented Harlem in the House of Representatives between 1945 and 1971?
90
the journey of reconciliation
the name of the CORE campaign in which a group of 16 men (half black half white) planned to take a 2 week bus journey through Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and North Carolina
91
Mendez vs Westminster, 1946
which NAACP supreme court case led to the desegregation of Orange County schools (and later the whole of California after Governor Earl Warren took action)? what year?
92
Morgan vs Virginia, 1946
which NAACP supreme court case led to the desegregation of interstate buses? what year?
93
Shelley vs Kramer, 1948
which NAACP supreme court case led to the end of restrictive covenants? what year?
94
Sweatt vs Painter, 1950
which NAACP supreme court case led to the decision that the apparently 'separate but equal' University of Texas law school for 'coloured' pupils was in fact not equal in its provision to that of the law school or white pupils? what year?
95
to secure these rights (year +4 categories addressed- 1+2+1+2
The name of the report published in 1947 which demanded that the federal govt use its power to [end segregation], that lynching be made a federal offence, poll tax be abolished, African American voting rights be introduced, FEPC be made permanent and interstate travel and armed forces be desegregated
96
1948
when was the federal employment board created?
97
CGCC (Government Contract Compliance Commission), 1951
what meant that any company who the government was to consider in its purchase of defence equipment had to have fair employment practices towards minorities? when was it created?
98
it demolished more houses than it ultimately built (predominantly in African American inner city Neighbourhoods)
what was the key issue of the urban renewal program (after 1949 housing act) for African Americans?
99
1950
When was the civil rights group LCCR founded?
100
1951
when was the civil rights group RCNL (Regional Council of Negro Leadership) founded
101
1952
when did Medgar Evers gas boycott in Jackson Mississippi with the slogan 'don't buy gas where you can't use the restroom' begin?
102
The number of US military casualties in WWII
400,000
103
The number of US civilian casualties in WWII
6
104
With 7% of the world's population how much of the worlds income was raised by the USA by 1945
42%
105
How much of the world's manufacturing output did the USA produce by 1945
50%
106
The New Deal dates
1933-38
107
In the 12 years of FDRs presidency how much annual GDP growth did America enjoy
8.5%
108
Asian American population by 1950
320000
109
The act that made Asian American immigration easier
Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 (McCaren Walter act)
110
percentage of the US population that African Americans made up in 1945
10%
111
Number of Hispanic Americans in 1945
2 million
112
Date of the Yalta Conference
February 1945
113
3 key agreements made at Yalta Conference
split Germany, free elections in eastern Europe, Russia help for war in Pacific
114
Date of the Potsdam Conference
August 1945
115
3 key agreements made at Potsdam
German disarmament/reparations, nuremberg trials, polish borders
116
what did Truman fail to notify Stalin about at the Potsdam conference
The Atom Bomb
117
What act created the CIA, NSC and merged the department of war and Navy to form the department of defence? when was it passed?
National Security Act, 1947
118
When Was NSC-68 issued?
April 1950
119
What was NSC-68 a response to?
Soviets Succesful A Bomb test
120
how much did NSC-68 increase defence spending for 1950 by?
$37 billion (to $50 billion)
121
Date of Kennan's long telegram
February 1945
122
Date of Churchill's Sinews of Peace speech (Iron Curtain)
March 1946
123
When did Truman give the 'Truman Doctrine' speech?
march 1947
124
How much money did Truman ask for to implement to Truman doctrine?
$400 million
125
Truman's Secretary of State after 1948
Dean Acheson
126
When was the Marshall Plan approved?
April 1948
127
How much money did the Marshall Plan give in support of the recovery of European nations following WWII?
$17 billion
128
Berlin Airlift Dates
1948-1949
129
how many tonnes of supplies were flown in over the duration of the airlift
1.5 million
130
When was NATO set up
1949
131
pushing an opponent to the edge in the hope that back down first
brinkmanship
132
dates of US occupation of Japan
1949-52
133
When did China 'fall' to communism?
October 1949
134
When did US support for the french in Indochina begin?
1946
135
when did Truman formally recognise the state of Israel?
May 1948
136
what percentage of the costs for the French war in Indochina did the Truman administration cover?
78%
137
when was Dean Acheson's 'defensive perimeter' speech given?
January 1950
138
the name given to the divide between North and South Korea
the 38th parallel
139
when did the Korean war break out?
June 1950
140
what technicality allowed Truman to intervene in Korea without congressional approval?
It was a UN police action
141
what point did the UN forces reach before Chinese intervention?
the Yalu river
142
When was McArthur dismissed as commander of the UN forces in Korea after criticising Truman and advocating the use of Nuclear weapons against the Chinese.
April 1951
143
how many US troops were killed/injured in the Korean War?
138,000
144
how low was Truman's approval rating by 1952 (according to a gallup pole in february)?
22%
145
what % of US GDP did the Korean war cost in its final year?
14%
146
What is the term characterising Truman's policy towards communism?
Containment
147
what did Truman famously declare about peacetime in 1946
peace is hell
148
where/when were the IMF and World Bank created (both of which were headquartered in NYC)?
The Bretton Woods conference, 1944
149
What was the name of Truman's domestic policy initiative?
Fair Deal
150
how many soldiers were about to return after WWII
12 million
151
How (largely speaking) did Truman introduce servicemen into the civilian work force?
Gradually
152
what was the maximum percentage of unemployment under Truman?
5%
153
what was the inflation rate by 1947?
15%
154
Key fair deal legislation that never passed
Anti-lynching, national healthcare, increase in minimum wage
155
Which Fair deal legislation actually passed?
veterans, permanent FEPC, civil rights
156
what did Truman want to increase minimum wage to from 45¢ an hour?
75¢ an hour
157
what did the GI bill help ex servicemen secure (financially)?
college education, mortgages, 1 year of unemployment benefit
158
what period was considered the 'baby boom' in the US
1945-50
159
how much had output increased between 1939 and 1948?
90%
160
by what figure had annual business investment rates risen between 1946 and 1955?
5.8 million
161
how many strikes occurred in 1946 (representing 4.5 million workers)?
5000
162
who controlled both houses of congress after the 1946 mid term elections
Republicans
163
who broke away from the democrats at the 1948 democratic convention
Strom Thurmond
164
what independent party did Strom Thurmond form on an anti civil rights platform
the States Rights Party (Dixiecrats)
165
in which election did the democrats regain control of both houses of congress?
1948
166
who did Truman unexpectedly defeat in the 1948 election
Dewey
167
which paper ran the headline 'Dewey defeats Truman' expecting Truman to loose the 1948 election?
the Chicago Tribune
168
during which 1946 strike did Truman threaten to draft striking workers into the army?
rail workers strike
169
which act attempted to clear up inner city slums (making the African American housing situation worse)
the 1949 housing act (urban renewal)
170
when were the arms forces desegregated? By what?
1948, Executive order 9981
171
By what % did the number of Americans living in poverty fall between 1949 and 1952?
(33-28)% -(5%)
172
how many names of communists working in the US state department did Joseph McCarthy claim to have?
205
173
In what HUAC trial did Richard Nixon first come to prominence?
1948 trial of Alger Hiss
174
By how much did the cost of consumer goods rise, in how many days, on June 30th 1946 due to soaring inflation after the OPA stopped imposing a maximum price on goods?
25% in 14 days (double the increase in the previous 3 years)
175
how many members did the American communist party have in 1947
(less than) 80,000
176
which two people were executed in 1953 for apparently disclosing nuclear secrets to the soviets?
Ethel and Julius Rosenburg
177
when did the soviets first successfully test an atomic bomb?
(August) 1949
178
which executive order established federal loyalty boards to root out communist sympathisers?
9835
179
what is the name for the famous group of suspected communists in the film industry blacklisted by HUAC in 1948?
Hollywood 10
180
which act, allowing communists to be denied passports, did Truman attempted to veto (receiving the support of only 58 members of congress)?
1952 internal security act
181
the term used to describe the period towards the end of a presidency (either the end of their second term or if they had announced they will not seek re-election) when their ability to enact policy is hampered by lack of cooperation/dissent?
Lame Duck Presidency
182
the precedent set by the Plessy vs Ferguson decision
separate but equal
183
the name for segregation enshrined in law
de jure segregation
184
the name for segregation enforced not by law but by social convention and cycles of poverty
de facto segregation
185
which newspaper started the double v campaign which encouraged African Americans to seek victory against racism at home as well as victory in war?
the Pittsburgh Courier
186
The figure which membership of the NAACP had reached by 1952
(over) 1 million
187
the name for the NAACP division that brought cases to the supreme court - associated with Thurgood Marshall - founded in 1939
NAACP legal defence fund
188
the civil rights group founded in 1942
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)
189
The Civil Rights group led by A Philip Randolph
Brotherhood of sleeping car porters
190
the group to which Malcolm X famously belonged until 1964
Nation of Islam
191
how many African Americans migrated North during the 1940's and 50's?
2.5 million
192
what prevented Blacks in the North from moving out of Ghetto areas even if they were financially able?
restrictive covenants
193
the name of the black politician who represented Harlem in the House of Representatives between 1945 and 1971?
Adam Clayton Powell
194
the name of the CORE campaign in which a group of 16 men (half black half white) planned to take a 2 week bus journey through Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and North Carolina
the journey of reconciliation
195
which NAACP supreme court case led to the desegregation of Orange County schools (and later the whole of California after Governor Earl Warren took action)? what year?
Mendez vs Westminster, 1946
196
which NAACP supreme court case led to the desegregation of interstate buses? what year?
Morgan vs Virginia, 1946
197
which NAACP supreme court case led to the end of restrictive covenants? what year?
Shelley vs Kramer, 1948
198
which NAACP supreme court case led to the decision that the apparently 'separate but equal' University of Texas law school for 'coloured' pupils was in fact not equal in its provision to that of the law school or white pupils? what year?
Sweatt vs Painter, 1950
199
The name of the report published in 1947 which demanded that the federal govt use its power to end segregation, that lynching be made a federal offence, poll tax be abolished, African American voting rights be introduced, FEPC be made permanent and interstate travel and armed forces be desegregated
to secure these rights
200
when was the federal employment board created?
1948
201
what meant that any company who the government was to consider in its purchase of defence equipment had to have fair employment practices towards minorities? when was it created?
CGCC (Government Contract Compliance Commission), 1951
202
what was the key issue of the urban renewal program (after 1949 housing act) for African Americans?
it demolished more houses than it ultimately built (predominantly in African American inner city Neighbourhoods)
203
When was the civil rights group LCCR founded?
1950
204
when was the civil rights group RCNL (Regional Council of Negro Leadership) founded
1951
205
when did Medgar Evers gas boycott in Jackson Mississippi with the slogan 'don't buy gas where you can't use the restroom' begin?
1952
206
why was the US experience of WWII different? (4)
no blitz, economic improvement, no invasion, less social disruption
207
March 1946
Date of Churchill's Sinews of Peace speech (Iron Curtain)
208
may 1948
when did Truman formally recognise the state of Israel?
209
April 1948
When was the Marshall Plan approved?
210
When were the atomic bombs, can you say anything of significance?
August, after the Potsdam conference, Truman did not tell them that they had these weapons.
