Tuberculosis Flashcards
(17 cards)
When should a person with suspected active TB be admitted to the hospital?
If they are highly symptomatic, systemically unwell, or have complex social needs (e.g., homelessness).
When should urgent referral to the local TB team be made in suspected TB cases?
If hospital admission is unnecessary, but symptoms are suggestive of TB — do not wait for culture results.
What should be done if a person has known TB but hasn’t completed treatment?
Admit if symptomatic/systemically unwell, otherwise urgently re-refer to the TB team.
What is the standard drug regimen for active TB?
6 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine) and rifampicin, plus pyrazinamide and ethambutol for the first 2 months.
How is TB of the CNS treated differently?
Requires prolonged regimen plus corticosteroids (dexamethasone or prednisolone) for 4–8 weeks.
When is drug susceptibility testing used?
To guide and modify treatment based on drug resistance.
What adjustments are needed for TB treatment in renal impairment?
Dose adjustments, especially for ethambutol and pyrazinamide.
How is multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB managed?
With at least 6 effective drugs over 18–24 months; often less efficacious and more toxic.
When is surgery considered for TB?
In MDR or XDR TB with localized resectable disease not responding to drug treatment.
What are the main treatment options for latent TB?
3 months isoniazid (with pyridoxine) + rifampicin (for those <35 years).
6 months isoniazid (for those at risk of drug interactions, e.g., HIV).
Who coordinates care for TB patients?
The local multidisciplinary TB team and a key worker
What is Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)?
Treatment where each dose is observed to ensure adherence.
What does enhanced case management include?
Individualized support for those at high risk of non-adherence (e.g., homeless, drug misuse, mental health issues).
What infection control advice should be given for pulmonary/laryngeal TB?
Use respiratory hygiene, wear masks, and follow precautions until ≥2 weeks of treatment completed.
What is required legally when TB is diagnosed?
Notification of suspected/confirmed TB to the UK Health Security Agency within 3 working days.
What are key self-management messages for TB patients?
TB is curable with full treatment.
Treatment prevents complications, resistance, and transmission.
Stop smoking and avoid alcohol.
Report any new or recurrent symptoms.
