Tudor Introduction key words Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is a monarch?
A king or queen who rules a country.
Define Divine Right.
The belief that the monarch was chosen by God and had a God-given right to rule.
What does succession refer to?
Who becomes monarch next when the current one dies or is removed.
Who is an heir?
The person who is next in line to the throne.
What is primogeniture?
The eldest son inherits the crown or land.
Define nobility.
Powerful families who own land and support the king; includes dukes, earls, barons, etc.
What is gentry?
Wealthy landowners just below the nobility; important locally.
Who are peasants?
A poor person who worked on the land; most people were peasants.
What does ‘The Church’ refer to?
The Catholic Church – very powerful before the Tudors; controlled religion and much land.
What is Parliament?
A group of nobles, bishops and commoners that gave advice to the king and approved taxes.
What is the House of Lords?
The part of Parliament made up of nobles and bishops.
What is the House of Commons?
The part of Parliament made up of knights and rich townsmen.
Define taxation.
Money collected by the monarch or Parliament from the people.
What does ‘The Crown’ refer to?
Refers to the monarch and the powers of kingship.
What is a dynasty?
A family that holds the throne over generations.
What is a civil war?
A war between people within the same country.
What were the Wars of the Roses?
A series of battles (1455–1485) between two royal families: York and Lancaster.
Who is a usurper?
Someone who takes the throne by force or without a clear right.
What is the Privy Council?
The monarch’s closest advisors who helped them run the country.
What is the Magna Carta?
A document that limited the king’s power and said he had to follow the law.
What are Justices of the Peace (JPs)?
Local officials who kept law and order in each county.
What is a petition?
A formal request sent to the king by a group or person.
Fill in the blank: England’s main export in the Middle Ages was the _______.
Wool Trade
Who is a sheriff?
A royal official in charge of law and order in each county.
