Tumor markers and oncogenic microbes Flashcards
(25 cards)
Purpose of tumor markers?
Monitor tumor recurrence, response to therapy
*Biopsy makes the definitive diagnosis
Alkaline phosphatase
Metastases to bone or liver
Pagest disease of bone
Seminoma (placental ALP)
AFP associations with cancers
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatoblastoma
Yolk sac tumor
Mixed germ cell tumor
AFP associations with fetal anomalies
^AFP in neural tube defects
^AFP in abdominal wall defects
Decreased in down syndrome
b-HCG
Hydatidiform moles Choriocarcinomas Testicular cancer Mixed germ cell tumor HCG=Hydatidiform, choriocarcinomas, germ cell (don't forget the balls!)
Where is b-HCG produced?
Syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta
CA15-3/CA27-29
Breast cancer
CA 19-9
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
CA 125
Ovarian cancer
Calcitonin
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (Parafollicular cells)
CEA
CarcinoEmbryonicAntigen: very nonspecific
70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers
Also seen in gastric, breast, medullary thyroid carcinomas
Chromogranin
Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid
PSA
Prostate specific antigen.
Prostate cancer
BPH
Prostatitis
Oncogenic EBV
Burkitt, hodgkin, nasopharyngeal, Primary CNS lymphoma
Oncogenic HBV/HCV
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Oncogenic HHV-8
Kaposi sarcoma
Oncogenic HPV
Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (types 16 and 18)
Head and neck cancer
Oncogenic H. pylori
Gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma
Oncogenic HTLV-1
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
Oncogenic liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)
Cholangiocarcinoma
Oncogenic Schistosoma haematobium
Squamous cell bladder cancer
Psammomma bodies are found in which pathologies?
PSaMMoma Papillary thyroid carcinoma Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary Meningioma Malignant mesothelioma
Common primary tumors that metastasize to the brain
Lung>breast>prostate>melanoma>GI
Common primary tumors that metastasize to the liver
Colon»stomach>pancreas
