Tumour Markers and Carcinogens

Question 1

CA 125

Answer 1

Ovarian cancer

Question 2

CA 19-9

Answer 2

Pancreatic cancer

Question 3

Alpha-feto protein (AFP)

Answer 3

Hepatocellular carcinoma
Teratoma

Question 4

CA 15-3

Answer 4

Breast cancer

Question 5

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

Answer 5

Prostatic carcinoma

Question 6

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Answer 6

Colorectal cancer

Question 7

S-100

Answer 7

Melanoma, schwannomas

Question 8

Bombesin

Answer 8

Small cell lung carcinoma
Gastric cancer
Neuroblastoma

Question 9

Calcitonin

Answer 9

Medullary thyroid cancer

Question 10

What markers could be used to detect recurrence of testicular teratoma?

Answer 10

Alpha-fetoprotein + beta-HCG

Question 11

What cancer would cause raised Alpha-fetoprotein and beta-HCG?

Answer 11

Non-seminomatous testicular cancer

(A raised AFP level excludes a seminoma)

Question 12

Aflatoxin (produced by Aspergillus)

Answer 12

Liver (hepatocellular carcinoma)

Question 13

Aniline dyes

Answer 13

Bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)

Question 14

Asbestos

Answer 14

Mesothelioma + bronchial carcinoma

Question 15

Nitrosamines

Answer 15

Oesophageal + gastric cancer

Question 16

Vinyl chloride

Answer 16

Hepatic angiosarcoma

Question 17

Most common causes of cancer in the UK

Answer 17

1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colorectal
4. Prostate
5. Bladder
6. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
7. Melanoma
8. Stomach
9. Oesophagus
10. Pancreas

(excludes non-melanoma skin cancer)

Question 18

Most common causes of cancer death in the UK

Answer 18

1. Lung
2. Colorectal
3. Breast
4. Prostate
5. Pancreas
6. Oesophagus
7. Stomach
8. Bladder
9. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
10. Ovarian