tutorial 1 Flashcards
(11 cards)
What is the containment triad? Its key objective?
The containment triad contains three main parts:
1) Safe laboratory practices & techniques
2) Safety equipment (primary barriers)
3) Facilities design & construction (secondary barriers)
Key objective: reduce or eliminate
exposure to, or release of,
potentially hazardous agents
What is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)? And its’s limitation?
Clothing and equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards, including aerosols, splashes and accidental inoculation.
It includes body, face and eye, hand, foot, respiratory protection.
It depends on the nature of work and the Biosafety levels.
Limitation:
1) Doesn’t eliminate or contain the hazard
2) Does not protect other people around
3) Can be a source of contamination
What are Biosafety Levels? (BSLs)
It is a classification system for laboratory facilities based on conditions required to handle a particular biological agent.
Describe BSL-1 and the facility requirement.
for work involving:
- well characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in immune competent adult humans
- cause minimal potential hazard to the
laboratory personnel and the environment.
Precautions are limited and not as extensive.
Facility requirement:
- Door with vision panel
- Ample space
- Hand-washing sink
- Emergency eyewash and shower
Describe BSL-2 and the facility requirement.
For work involving:
- microbial agents of moderate potential
hazards to the laboratory personnel and the environment.
- might pose a moderate
danger if accidentally inhaled, swallowed, or exposed to the skin
Precautions are slightly more extensive but still considered basic laboratories.
Facilities requirements:
- Biological safety cabinet
- Storage facilities
- Biohazard signage
- Autoclave
- Separate contaminated waste
Describe BSL-3 and the facility requirement.
work involving:
- agents that may cause severe or potentially lethal disease through inhalation or aerosol formation, to the personnel, and may even contaminate the environment.
- indigenous or exotic agents: infection by aerosols is high, and the disease may
have lethal consequences
Require laboratory personnel with specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents,
AND supervisors scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures.
Facilities requirements:
- Biological safety cabinet
- Dedicated computer/ work station
- Autoclave
- Hand-free hand-washing sink
- Emergency eyewash and shower
- Anteroom/ double door entry
Describe BSL-4 and the facility requirement.
Work involving:
- dangerous infectious agents that present a high individual as well as environmental
risk
- life-threatening disease, aerosol transmission, or unknown risk
of transmission.
- no known vaccines or therapies,
and require extreme precautions during work.
2 types of BSL-4 labs:
1) Cabinet laboratory - work is done within a Class III biosafety cabinet or a similar containment setup.
2) Suit laboratory - all lab personnel must wear full-body protective suits with an
independent air supply
Facilities requirement:
(same as BSL-3 but with the addition of:)
1. Primary containment system:
* Cabinet laboratory
* Suit laboratory
2. Controlled access
3. Controlled air system
4. Decontamination of effluents
5. Sterilization of waste and materials
6. Airlock entry ports
7. Emergency power
8. Containment drain
Body protection in BSL-3
- dedicated lab shoes
- Front-buttoned standard laboratory coats are unsuitable
- Protective clothing must be decontaminated before it is laundered or removed from containment.
- Dedicated laboratory clothing used, and street clothing removed
Describe Face and eye protection and the types of it.
- protect the eyes and face from splashes, impacting objects and sources of artificial ultraviolet radiation.
- Should not be worn outside of lab areas, and decontaminated before removal from containment.
Prevents: Impact and splash and UV
Types:
1) safety glasses
- Protect the eyes from larger objects and
minor spills
2) safety goggles
- Higher level of protection
- Barrier to liquid hazards
3) face shields
- face and neck protection
- flying particles and chemical splashes protection.
Describe hand protection and the types of it. Also describe foot protection.
- Appropriate gloves worn when there is contact with blood, body fluids and other potentially infectious materials, toxins or infected animals.
- removed aseptically after use and hands must then be washed
Protection: Direct contact with microorganisms reducing the risks associated with absorption through the skin or ingestion (hand to mouth) and cuts.
eg hand burns
Types of gloves:
1) blood and body fluids: Latex, vinyl or nitrile surgical-type gloves
2) Sharps, cuts or bites: Para-aramid fiber or
stainless steel mesh
3) High temp: Terry cloth or wool, i.e.
gloves rated for use with the autoclave
4) Low temp: Jersey or cotton-lined
nylon, i.e. gloves rated for use with liquid nitrogen or -80 degree.
Foot protection: Closed-toed footwear and shoe covers. protect against impact and splash
Describe respiratory protection and the types of it.
- Respirators must be worn where there is a risk of exposure to infectious aerosols that
can be transmitted through the inhalation route or to aerosolized toxins - A hazard assessment is required to determine the correct type of respirator
- Respirators need to be individually fit-tested prior to use and regularly fit-checked
Prevents: Inhalation of aerosols
Types of protection:
1) Non-powered air purifying respirators
- Create negative pressure inside the respirator
- N95 or higher are adequate for BSL-3 facilities.
2) Powered air purifying respirators (PAPRs)
- create positive pressure.
- Designed to be decontaminated and reused
- HEPA filters
