Tutorial 3

Question 1

Which of the following are incorrectly matched?

a) central nervous system: composed of the brain and spinal cord

b) somatic nervous system: includes motor neurons to skeletal muscles

c) sympathetic nervous system: includes motor neurons to skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles

d) peripheral nervous system: includes cranial and spinal nerves

e) autonomic nervous system: includes parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

Answer 1

c) sympathetic nervous system: includes motor neurons to skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles

Question 2

Match the description with the correct term: The portion of a neuron containing a nucleus

Answer 2

Cell body

Question 3

Match the description with the correct term: Rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal

Answer 3

Synaptic end bulb

Question 4

Match the description with the correct term: Highly branched, input part of a neuron

Answer 4

Dendrite

Question 5

Match the description with the correct term: Sac in which neurotransmitter is stored

Answer 5

Synaptic vesicle

Question 6

Match the description with the correct term: Neuron located entirely within the CNS

Answer 6

Interneuron

Question 7

Match the description with the correct term: Long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron

Answer 7

Axon

Question 8

Match the description with the correct term: Produces myelin sheath in PNS

Answer 8

Schwann cell

Question 9

Match the description with the correct term: Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath

Answer 9

Node of Ranvier

Question 10

Match the description with the correct term: Substance that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Answer 10

Myelin sheath

Question 11

Match the description with the correct term: Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector

Answer 11

Motor neuron

Question 12

Match the description with the correct term: Bundle of many axons in the CNS

Answer 12

Tract

Question 13

Match the description with the correct term: Group of cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Match the description with the correct term: Substance used for communication at chemical synapses

Answer 14

Neurotransmitter

Question 15

Match the description with the correct term: Group of cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 15

Ganglion

Question 16

Match the description with the correct term: Bundle of many axons in the PNS

Answer 16

Nerve

Question 17

Match the description with the correct term: Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS

Answer 17

Sensory neuron

Question 18

3. Damage to dendrites would interfere with a neuron’s ability to:
   a) receive input
   b) make proteins
   c) conduct nerve impulses to another neuron
   d) release neurotransmitters
   e) form myelin

Answer 18

a) receive input

Question 19

4. The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS is the

a) astrocyte
b) myelinocyte
c) Schwann cell
d) oligodendrocyte
e) microglia

Answer 19

d) oligodendrocyte

Question 20

What are Neuroglia?

Answer 20

Cells that are smaller than neurons, and can readily multiply and divide to fill in brain areas, a power that neurons do not possess

Neuroglia make up half the volume of CNS, and do not function to conduct nerve impulses.

Question 21

What type of neuroglia are star shaped connective tissue cells and help form the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 21

Astrocytes
- Star shaped connective tissue cells
- link nerve cells to blood vessels
- help form the blood-brain barrier by wrapping round brain capillaries

Question 22

What type of neuroglia:
- have an adventitial structure of the central nervous system
- capable of creating myelin

Answer 22

Oligodendrocytes

Question 23

What type of neuroglia:
- Are migratory
- Act as phagocytes of waste products from the nervous system

Answer 23

Microglia

Question 24

What type of neuroglia:
- Form the membrane, lining the cerebral ventricles
- The ventricles are interconnected, fluid filled chambers within the brain and central canal of the spine

Answer 24

Ependymal

Question 25

What type of neuroglia: - Surround the axons of the peripheral nerves - Forming the myelin sheath of myelinated nerve fibers and also providing support for nonmyelinated nerves

Answer 25

Schwann cell

Question 26

What type of neuroglia: - Are neuroglial cells surrounding the cell body of a neuron in the spinal, cranial and autonomic ganglia

Answer 26

Satellite cells

Question 27

A bundle of axons in the CNS is: a) a tract b) a nucleus c) a mixed nerve d) a ganglion e) an enteric plexus

Answer 27

a) a tract

Question 28

In a resting neuron: a) there is a high concentration of potassium ions outside the cell b) negatively charged ions move freely through the plasma membrane c) the sodium-potassium pumps help maintain the low concentration of sodium ions inside the cell d) the outside surface of the plasma membrane has a negative charge e) the plasma membrane is highly permeable to sodium ions

Answer 28

c) the sodium-potassium pumps help maintain the low concentration of sodium ions inside the cell

Question 29

Place the following events in the correct order of occurrence: 1. Voltage-gated sodium channels open and permit sodium ions to rush inside the neuron 2. The sodium/potassium pump restores the ions to their original sites 3. A stimulus of threshold strength is applied to the neuron 4. The membrane polarisation changes from negative to positive 5. Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium flows out of the neurons.

Answer 29

3,1,4,5,2

Question 30

If a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse generated is of a constant size. A stronger stimulus cannot generate a larger impulse. This is known as: a) the principle of polarisation-depolarisation b) salutatory conduction c) the all-or-none principle d) the principle of reflex action e) the absolute refractory period

Answer 30

c) the all-or-none principle

Question 31

The diencephalon is composed of the a) medulla, pons and hypothalamus b) midbrain, hypothalamus and thalamus c) cerebellum and midbrain d) medulla, pons and midbrain e) hypothalamus and thalamus (& pineal Gland)

Answer 31

e) hypothalamus and thalamus (& pineal Gland)

Question 32

Which part of the brain contains the centres that control the heart rate and breathing rhythm? a) medulla b) midbrain c) cerebellum d) thalamus e) pons

Answer 32

a) medulla