Tutoring Flashcards
Man hit in neck by frisbee has trauma to thoracic inlet. What structure could get injured?
Left vagus n
Which ribs articulate directly. With. Body of the sternum
2-7
Rib 7 articulates. With which:: Inferior costal facet of t7 Inferior costal facet of t6 Superior costal facet of t8 Transverse process of T6
Inferior costal facet of t6
Sharp pain in 4th intercostal space right sternal border after a ball hit him in the chest. X ray reveals separation of rib 4. What joint is involved
4th costochondral joint
What kind of joint is costochondral joint
Synchondrosis
Aspirating a. Hot dog causes consolidation in which location
Right. Lower lobe (right side. Has a wider angle. Adn gravity takes it down to lower lobe)
Where is first location of gas exchange within airways
Respiratory bronchioles
Which is devoid of cartilage
Primary bronchus Trachea Segmental bronchi Conducting bronchiole Superior lobar bronchus
Conducting bronchiole
Collapsed right lung, and lacerated intercostal artery. What is CXR going to reveal?
Hemothorax
Pt comes in for follow up. After surgical repair of aneurysm on aortic arch. CC is pain at incision site but also has hoarseness to her voice what structure was likely damaged?
Left recurrent laryngeal n
Patent ductus arteriosus leads to shunt in which direction
Left to right
You need cardiac bypass. How can surgeon get to great vessels?
Through Transverse pericardial sinus
Right supraclavicular space stab wound. Knife only penetrated teh most superficial structure which is it
Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
Brachial plexus
Internal thoracic artery
Subclavian vein
Sympathetic nervous system physiology has short preganglionic neurons that release what NT
Acetylcholine
Neuron in adrenal medulla pathway passes through sympathetic chain and then releases what NT
Ach
What type of cell. Do we. Synapse. On at the adrenal gland
Chromaffin. Cell
Sympathetics use acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors for what function
Stimulate sweat glands
Bronchodilation is result of what sympathetic receptors
Beta 2 receptors on bronchiole smooth muscle
Layers of tunica intima from lumen side out
Endothelium, subendothelium, basal lamina, internal elastic lamina
What kind of collagen is located within tunica intima basal lamina layer
IV
How do statins lower intracellular cholesterol levels
Mimics structure HMG-CoA and inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
What receptors within the lungs (and with what afferent nerve) cause cough
Rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor , vagus nerve
Whats FRC + IC
TLC
How do you calculate alveolar minute ventilation
(Vt-Ds)*freq
Cant control bowels, pH is 7.32, CO2 is 28, HCO3 is 14
Uremic acidosis
Loss of bicarb in feces
Ketoacidosis
Loss of bicarb in feces
Which of the pressure graphs mimics air flow
Alveolar pressure
Whats. The intrapleural pressure of a patient who. Has a collapsed lung
0
Under what circumstances is. There positive intrapleural pressure
Coughing
Balance between elastic recoil of the. Lungs. And the springing. Out of chest. Wall
Functional residual capacity
What is FEV1/FVC ratio in asthma
Its an obstructive disease- LOW ratio
What is FEV1/FVC ratio in emphysema
low (because the capacity is so HIGH and we have loss of elasticity of alveoli)
What is FEV1/FVC ratio in pulmonary fibrosis
Normal or high (restrictive disease- we get less air in thus push less air out)
Sequence of development of lung
Embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, terminal sac
After CO poisoning, hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Is. used why
To increase PaO2 at the tissues (problem with CO poisoning is risk of poisoning leading to tissue hypoxia)
Why can stomach expand super. Far without bursting
High actin fiber density allows greater ability for structural. Rearrangement and decreased passive tension
Where do we find fenestrated capillaries
Kidney, intestine, exocrine gland
Where do we find discontinuous capillaries
Hematopoetic organs
Where do we find continuous capillaries
Muscle, brain, peripheral nerves, exocrine glands
Membrane bound granules containing precursor to ANF
Atrial granules (ANF= atrial natriuretic factor)
Small bodies that accumulate in non dividing cells like cardiac muscle. They contain material form residual bodies after lysosome digestion
Lipofuscin granules
