Two Phase System Emulsions

Question 1

Homogenous preparation

Answer 1

Emulsion

Question 2

Two face system in which one liquid is dispersed in the form of small globules throughout another liquid in which it is immiscible

Answer 2

Emulsion

Question 3

What are the three components of an emulsion?

Answer 3

Disperse liquid — internal phase/ discontinuous phase

Dispersion medium — external phase/continuous phase

Intermediate Agent — emulsifying Agent/dispersing or stabilizing agent/emulsifier/intermediate liquid/surfactant

Question 4

External phase

Answer 4

Dispersion medium

Question 5

Discontinuous phase

Answer 5

Dispersion liquid

Question 6

Dispersing or stabilizing agent

Answer 6

Intermediate agent

Question 7

Composition of oil-in-water emulsion

Answer 7

External phase: water
Internal phase: oil
Continuous phase: water
Discontinuous phase: oil

Question 8

Composition if an emulsifier

Answer 8

Hydrophilic head - water loving

Lipophilic tail - oil loving

Question 9

2 Types of emulsifying Agent

Answer 9

Natural or synthetic

Question 10

Natural emulsifying agent with animal origins

Answer 10

Gelatin
Egg yolk
Casein
Wolfat
Cholesterol

Question 11

Natural emulsifying agent with vegetable origins

Answer 11

Chondrus
Acacia
Tragacanth

Pectin
Carrageenan

Question 12

Synthetic emulsifying Agent

Answer 12

Finely divided solid
Colloid
Anionic
Catonic
Non-ionic
Amphoteric

Question 13

Finely divided solid

Answer 13

Mg(OH)2
Al(OH)3
Magnesium trisilicate

Question 14

Colloid

Answer 14

Kaolin
Bentonite Magma

Question 15

Anionic

Answer 15

SLS — sodium lauryl sulfate

Question 16

Cationic

Answer 16

Benzalkonium chloride

Question 17

Non-ionic

Answer 17

PEG 400
Spans
Tween (polysorbate)

Question 18

Amphoteric

Answer 18

Lecithin

Question 19

Type of emulsion

Answer 19

Simple
Multiple
Microemulsion

Question 20

Simple emulsion

Answer 20

O/W used internally
W/O

Question 21

Multiple emulsions

Answer 21

O/w/o
W/o/w

Question 22

Most stable of the three types of emulsion

Dispersed phase is in very small globules

100-1000A (1A=0.1nm)

Answer 22

Microemulsion

Question 23

Methods of preparation for emulsions

Answer 23

Wet or English
Dry or continental
Bottle or Forbes

Question 24

Primary nucleus is triturated in One Direction, creamy, sticky mixture with cracking sound

4:2:1 (O:W:EA) or (O:W:G)

Answer 24

Wet or English
Dry or Continental

Question 25

Volatile oil (3:2:1 = O:W:G) shaking vigorously

Answer 25

Bottle or Forbes

Question 26

Wet or English method

Answer 26

1:Gum/Emulsifying Agent 2:Water 4:Oil Gum and water forms mucilage so better add the gum **carefully** to water

Question 27

Dry or continental method

Answer 27

1:Gum or Emulsifying Agent 4:Oil 2:Water Add water **all at once** for this method

Question 28

Bottle or Forbes

Answer 28

1:Gum/Emulsifying Agent 3:Oil 2:Water

Question 29

**Rough mortar and pestle** is used for this method of preparation of emulsions

Answer 29

Dry or continental

Question 30

One part gum is triturated with two parts water to form a mucilage Four parts oil is then added slowly, in portions, while triturating

Answer 30

English or wet gum method

Question 31

One part gum is levigated with four parts oil until powder is thoroughly wetted Then two parts of water is added all at once Continually triturated until primary emulsion formed is. **creamy white** and produces **crackling** sound as it is triturated

Answer 31

Continental or dry gum method

Question 32

Mortar and pestle with rough inner surface

Answer 32

Dry Wedgewood mortar and pestle

Question 33

The ratio between oil water and gum is 2:2:1 or 3:2:1

Answer 33

Bottle or Forbes

Question 34

Criteria for selecting an emulsifier

Answer 34

**Compatible** with other formulative agents Should **not interfere** with the stability or efficacy of the therapeutic Agent **Stable** and does not deteriorate in the preparation **Nontoxic** with respect to its intended use Should possess **little odor or taste**

Question 35

Problem: Temporary separation of the two phases Solution: shake again

Answer 35

Creaming

Question 36

Problem: total separation of the 2 phases with coalescence Solution: none (should be avoided at all costs)

Answer 36

Cracking

Question 37

Evaporation of water O/W -> W/O

Answer 37

Phase inversion

Question 38

Change of one type of emulsion to another type due to an **addition** of an **electrolyte** or **change** in **emulsifying agent** or **temperature**.

Answer 38

Phase inversion

Question 39

To identify an emulsion — add a drop of water Homogenous ->O/W

Answer 39

Drop dilution test

Question 40

Result of drop dilution test

Answer 40

O/W

Question 41

Oil soluble —> Sudan red —> W/O Water soluble —> amaranth green/methylene blue —> O/W

Answer 41

Dye solubility test

Question 42

If the result of the dye solubility test is Sudan red, what is the type of emulsion?

Answer 42

W/O

Question 43

If the result of the dye solubility test is Amaranth green what is the type of emulsion identified?

Answer 43

O/W

Question 44

Electric conductivity test identifies?

Answer 44

O/W Water conduct electricity

Question 45

What does fluorescent test identify?

Answer 45

W/O Oil can absorb UV light

Question 46

Dispersed particles will come together, but does not fuse meaning that they will not form into a large globule

Answer 46

Flocculation

Question 47

Process in which two or more droplets merge together to form a single large droplet It is an irreversible process

Answer 47

Coalescence

Question 48

Total separation of the two phases with coalescence

Answer 48

Cracking