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APP4 > Type 2 Diabetic > Flashcards

Type 2 Diabetic Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary indication for Metformin?

A

Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Metformin?

A

It decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity.

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3
Q

What drug class does Metformin belong to?

A

Biguanides.

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4
Q

True or False: Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas.

A

True.

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5
Q

Name one common Sulfonylurea.

A

Glyburide.

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6
Q

What is the MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

They inhibit the enzyme Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, increasing incretin levels.

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7
Q

What is the primary indication for DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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8
Q

What drug class does Sitagliptin belong to?

A

DPP-4 Inhibitors.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: GLP-1 receptor agonists enhance insulin secretion in a __________ dependent manner.

A

glucose.

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10
Q

Name a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

A

Liraglutide.

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11
Q

True or False: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve insulin sensitivity.

A

True.

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pioglitazone?

A

It activates PPAR-gamma, increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue.

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13
Q

What drug class does Pioglitazone belong to?

A

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs).

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14
Q

What is the primary indication for SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular risk reduction.

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Empagliflozin?

A

It inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), reducing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys.

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16
Q

Name one side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors.

A

Urinary tract infections.

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17
Q

True or False: Insulin is primarily used in Type 1 Diabetes.

A

True.

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18
Q

What is the primary indication for insulin in Type 2 Diabetes?

A

When oral medications are insufficient to control blood glucose levels.

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19
Q

What type of insulin is typically used for meal coverage?

A

Rapid-acting insulin.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The combination of Metformin and __________ is often used in Type 2 Diabetes management.

A

Sulfonylureas.

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21
Q

What is the MOA of Acarbose?

A

It inhibits alpha-glucosidase, delaying carbohydrate absorption in the intestines.

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22
Q

What drug class does Acarbose belong to?

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.

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23
Q

What is the primary indication for Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Management of postprandial hyperglycemia.

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24
Q

Name a common side effect of Metformin.

A

Gastrointestinal upset.

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25
True or False: DPP-4 inhibitors can cause weight gain.
False.
26
What is the MOA of Canagliflozin?
It inhibits SGLT2, leading to increased glucose excretion in urine.
27
What drug class does Canagliflozin belong to?
SGLT2 inhibitors.
28
Fill in the blank: Thiazolidinediones can increase the risk of __________.
heart failure.
29
What is the primary indication for GLP-1 receptor agonists?
Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
30
What is the MOA of Liraglutide?
It mimics incretin hormones, increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion.
31
Name one advantage of using GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Weight loss.
32
True or False: Insulin therapy is always required in Type 2 Diabetes.
False.
33
What is a common side effect of Sulfonylureas?
Hypoglycemia.
34
What is the MOA of Exenatide?
It is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that increases insulin secretion and decreases appetite.
35
Fill in the blank: The use of __________ is contraindicated in patients with a history of pancreatitis.
DPP-4 inhibitors.
36
What is the mechanism of action for Thiazolidinediones?
They activate PPAR-gamma, improving insulin sensitivity.
37
What is the primary indication for insulin in Type 2 Diabetes?
To achieve glycemic control when other medications are ineffective.
38
True or False: SGLT2 inhibitors can lead to dehydration.
True.
39
What is the drug class for Linagliptin?
DPP-4 inhibitors.
40
What is a common side effect of Thiazolidinediones?
Weight gain.
41
Fill in the blank: The primary goal of diabetes medication is to maintain __________ levels within target ranges.
blood glucose.
42
What is the MOA of Rosiglitazone?
It enhances insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissues.
43
What drug class does Rosiglitazone belong to?
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs).
44
Name a contraindication for Metformin.
Severe renal impairment.
45
True or False: GLP-1 receptor agonists can be administered orally.
False.
46
What is the primary benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors for heart health?
They reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
47
What is the MOA of Miglitol?
It inhibits intestinal enzymes, delaying carbohydrate absorption.
48
What drug class does Miglitol belong to?
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
49
Fill in the blank: Insulin is produced by the __________ in the pancreas.
beta cells.
50
What is a potential risk of using Sulfonylureas?
Hypoglycemia.
51
True or False: All diabetes medications are weight-neutral.
False.
52
What is the MOA of Dulaglutide?
It mimics GLP-1, increasing insulin secretion and reducing appetite.
53
What drug class does Dulaglutide belong to?
GLP-1 receptor agonists.
54
What is a common side effect of DPP-4 inhibitors?
Nasopharyngitis.
55
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the hormone that lowers blood glucose levels.
insulin.
56
What is the primary goal of diabetes management?
To maintain normal blood glucose levels and prevent complications.
57
True or False: Thiazolidinediones can improve lipid profiles.
True.
58
What is the MOA of Semaglutide?
It activates GLP-1 receptors, increasing insulin secretion and decreasing appetite.
59
What drug class does Semaglutide belong to?
GLP-1 receptor agonists.
60
Name one risk associated with insulin therapy.
Hypoglycemia.
61
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels.
glucagon.
62
What is the MOA of Liraglutide regarding weight?
It reduces appetite and increases satiety.
63
What is the primary indication for using insulin in Type 2 Diabetes?
When oral medications fail to achieve glycemic control.
64
True or False: GLP-1 receptor agonists can help with weight loss.
True.
65
What is the MOA of Glimepiride?
It stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas.
66
What drug class does Glimepiride belong to?
Sulfonylureas.
67
Fill in the blank: SGLT2 inhibitors may cause __________ as a side effect.
genital mycotic infections.
68
What is the primary role of incretin hormones?
To enhance insulin secretion in response to meals.
69
What is the MOA of Alogliptin?
It inhibits DPP-4, increasing levels of incretin hormones.
70
What drug class does Alogliptin belong to?
DPP-4 inhibitors.
71
True or False: Metformin is usually the first-line medication for Type 2 Diabetes.
True.
72
What is a common side effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists?
Nausea.
73
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the primary organ that regulates glucose levels.
liver.
74
What is the primary indication for Acarbose?
Management of postprandial hyperglycemia.
75
What is the MOA of Saxagliptin?
It inhibits DPP-4, leading to increased incretin levels.
76
What drug class does Saxagliptin belong to?
DPP-4 inhibitors.
77
True or False: Insulin can be given orally.
False.
78
What is the relationship between obesity and Type 2 Diabetes?
Obesity increases the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes.
79
What is the MOA of Canagliflozin regarding renal function?
It reduces glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules.
80
What drug class does Dapagliflozin belong to?
SGLT2 inhibitors.

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