TYPES OF ANEMIAS

Question 1

type of anemia caused by inadequate supplies of iron needed to synthesize hemoglobin

Answer 1

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Question 2

RBC morphology characteristics in iron deficiency anemia

Answer 2

microcytic, hypochromic

Question 3

parasites that can cause IDA

Answer 3

hookworms (A. duodenale, N. americanus)
T. trichiura
Schistosome spp. (S. mansoni, S. Haematobium)

Question 4

Poikilocytes that can be seen in IDA

Answer 4

ovalocytes, pencil forms

Question 5

Type of anemia due to inability to use iron for hemoglobin production; impaired release of storage iron

Answer 5

Anemia of Chronic disease/inflammation

Question 6

In ACD, hepcidin levels are _____

Answer 6

increased

Question 7

Caused by blocks in the protoporphyrin pathway resulting in ineffective hemoglobin synthesis and iron overload

Answer 7

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 8

Excess iron accumulates in the mitochondrial region of the immature erythrocyte in the bone marrow and encircles the nucleus

Answer 8

Ringed sideroblasts

Question 9

Excess iron accumulates in the mitochondrial region of the mature erythrocytes in the circulation

Answer 9

Siderocytes

Question 10

inclusions in the siderocyte using Prussian blue

Answer 10

Siderotic granules

Question 11

inclusions demonstrated using wright stain

Answer 11

Pappenheimer bodies

Question 12

RBC morphology characteristics in Sideroblastic anemia

Answer 12

Microcytic, hypochromic

Question 13

A genetic disorder characterized by a primary, quantitative reduction of in globin chain synthesis

Answer 13

Thalassemia

Question 14

RBC morphology characteristics in Thalassemia

Answer 14

microcytic, hypochromic

Question 15

Poikilocyte that is found in Thalassemia

Answer 15

Target cells

Question 16

also known as Cooley anemia

Answer 16

Beta thalassemia major

Question 17

In Beta thalassemia major, there is a markedly decreased rate of synthesis or absence of _______ resulting in an excess of ________

Answer 17

absence of both beta chains;
excess of alpha chains

Question 18

compensatory hb of beta thalassemia major

Answer 18

Hb F 90%

Question 19

microscopic findings in beta-thalassemia major

Answer 19

target cells
teardrop cells (dacryocytes)
many nRBCs
basophilic stippling
howell-jolly bodies
pappenheimer bodies
heinz bodies

Question 20

Thalassemia that has one normal beta chain, the other has been deleted or very weak in expression

Answer 20

Beta-thalassemia minor/minor heterozygous

Question 21

Compensatory Hb in minor heterozygous beta-thalassemia

Answer 21

Hb A2 slightly increased

Question 22

A thalassemia that is characterized by the deletion of all four alpha chains; no normal hemoglobin is produced

Answer 22

Alpha-thalassemia major

Question 23

A disease caused by Alpha-thalassemia major

Answer 23

hydrops fetalis

Question 24

what abnormal hemoglobin is produced in alpha-thalassemia major

Answer 24

Bart’s Hb

Question 25

Hb Bart's is comprised of ____ globin chains

Answer 25

4 gamma globin chains

Question 26

In Hb H disease, how many alpha genes are deleted

Answer 26

Three (3) alpha genes

Question 27

Hb H is comprised of ______ globin chains

Answer 27

Four (4) beta chains

Question 28

what RBC inclusion is formed in Hb H disease?

Answer 28

Heinz bodies (Hb H inclusion)

Question 29

What cell is demonstrated in the peripheral blood smear of a patient with Hb H disease that is stained using Brilliant Cresyl Blue stain (BCB)?

Answer 29

Golf ball cells

Question 30

Two alpha chains are deleted; patients are usually asymptomatic and discovered accidentally

Answer 30

alpha-thalassemia minor/trait

Question 31

Acquired anemia, characterized by multiple blocks in the protoporphyrin pathway

Answer 31

Lead poisoning

Question 32

what other enzyme is inhibited by lead which leads to the production of coarse basophilic stippling

Answer 32

5-nucleotidase

Question 33

Enzymes in the protoporphyrin pathway that is blocked by lead poisoning

Answer 33

1. ALA dehydratase 2. Ferrochelatase

Question 34

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias: serum ferritin - decreased serum iron - decreased or normal TIBC- increased Transferrin saturation - decreased FEP/ZPP - increased

Answer 34

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 35

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias: serum ferritin - increased or normal serum iron - increased or normal TIBC- normal Transferrin saturation - increased or normal FEP/ZPP - increased or normal

Answer 35

Thalassemia minor

Question 36

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias: serum ferritin - increased or normal serum iron - decreased TIBC- decreased Transferrin saturation - decreased FEP/ZPP - increased

Answer 36

Anemia of chronic disease/inflammation

Question 37

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias: serum ferritin - Normal serum iron - variable TIBC- Normal Transferrin saturation -Increased FEP/ZPP - increased

Answer 37

Lead Poisoning

Question 38

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias: serum ferritin - increased serum iron - increased TIBC- decreased or Normal Transferrin saturation - increased FEP/ZPP - mixed

Answer 38

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 39

Defective DNA synthesis caused by abnormal nuclear maturation; caused by either a vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency

Answer 39

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 40

A term associated in megaloblastic anemia which means decreased in all cell types

Answer 40

pancytopenia

Question 41

RBC morphology characteristic in Megaloblastic anemia

Answer 41

Macrocytic, normochromic anemia with oval macrocytes and teardrop cells

Question 42

RBC inclusions that can be seen in megaloblastic anemia

Answer 42

Howell-jolly bodies Pappenheimer bodies nRBCs basophilic stippling CABOT RINGS

Question 43

an autoimmune disease wherein no intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells in the stomach due ti antibody destruction

Answer 43

Pernicious anemia

Question 44

what cell secretes gastrin? A. Parietal cells B. Chief cells C. Endothelial cells D. G-cells

Answer 44

D. G-cells

Question 45

What happens to vitamin b12 when there is no intrinsic production by the parietal cells?

Answer 45

vitamin b12 would not be absorbed an cause pernicious anemia (vit. b12 deficiency) because intrinsic factor is required for vit. b12 absorption in the ileum

Question 46

Test that detects pernicous anemia

Answer 46

Schilling's test

Question 47

In Nonmegaloblastic anemia, erythrocytes are ____ in shape while in Megaloblastic anemia, erythrocytes are _______.

Answer 47

Nonmegaloblastic anemia - round Megaloblastic anemia - oval

Question 48

Bone marrow failure causes pancytopenia

Answer 48

Aplastic anemia

Question 49

RBC morphology characteristics of aplastic anemia

Answer 49

Normocytic, normochromic

Question 50

In Fanconi anemia, the onset of hematologic abnormalities is <1 year of age. The bone marrow aspirate shows pancytopenia A. the first statement is correct. the second statement is incorrect B. both statements are correct C. first statement is incorrect. the second statement is correct D. both statements are incorrect

Answer 50

C. - Onset of hematologic abnormalities of Fanconi anemia is 5-10 years. - Diamond Blackfan anemia is <1year of age - Bone marrow aspirate in Fanconi anemia shows pancytopenia

Question 51

hypoproliferative anemia caused by replacement of bone marrow hematopoietic cells by malignant cells or fibrotic tissue

Answer 51

Myelophthisic Anema

Question 52

Important findings in myelophthisic anemia

Answer 52

Dacryocytes (teardrop cells)

Question 53

Poikilocytes can be found in the condition of uremia

Answer 53

Burr cells

Question 54

Characterized by a sudden loss of blood resulting from trauma or other severe forms of injury

Answer 54

Acute blood loss anemia

Question 55

Characterized by gradual long-term loss of blood; often caused by gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 55

Chronic blood loss anemia