types of bonding

Question 1

what is bonding?

Answer 1

Atoms form bonds by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
Typically, they seek to achieve the electron configuration of a
noble gas. Bonding occurs because it lowers the energy of a
system

Question 2

• Ionic Bonding

Answer 2

o Electrons formally transferred
o Ions held together by electrostatic interactions

Question 3

Covalent Bonding

Answer 3

o Electrons shared between atoms

Question 4

metallic bonding

Answer 4

sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively
charged ions (cations

Question 5

metals

Answer 5

Metallic bonding is not the only type of chemical bonding
a metal can exhibit

Question 6

Ga

Answer 6

consists of covalently-bound pairs of atoms in both liquid
and solid state - these atomic pairs form with metallic
bonding between them.

Question 7

directional restrictions in ionic bonding

Answer 7

Ionic interactions have no directional
restrictions

Question 8

3D bonding arrays

Answer 8

anions and cations will typically lead to
infinite 3-D bonding arrays, e.g., the unit
cell of NaCl (shown right)

Question 9

polar

Answer 9

Ionic compounds favour (i.e., be soluble
in) polar solvents

Question 10

Infinite structures take lots of energy to
break up, so

Answer 10

they have high melting
and boiling points

Question 11

Dative Bonding -

Answer 11

both electrons in a bond come from
one atom

Question 12

• Multicentre Bonding -

Answer 12

a pair of electrons is involved in bonding between 3 or more atoms

Question 13

• Hydrogen Bonding -

Answer 13

polar molecules experience attractive permanent dipole-dipole
forces

Question 14

• Pi-stacking -

Answer 14

Attractive, non-covalent interactions
between aromatic rings

Question 15

• Dispersive forces -

Answer 15

a catch-all title for forces arising
from the interactions of instantaneous multipoles

Question 16

Covalent bonds are…………….

Answer 16

directional (i.e., they need orbitals which often point in very precise directions).

Question 17

Covalent bonds can form

Answer 17

infinite arrays and discrete molecules (e.g., methane)

Question 18

covalent molecules

Answer 18

will favour (i.e., be soluble in) nonpolar solvents.

Question 19

Discrete molecules

Answer 19

will take
relatively little energy to vaporise, so typically
have low melting and boiling points.

Question 20

polarisability,

Answer 20

which
is a measure of how easily an electron cloud is distorted by an electric field.

Question 21

• Fajan’s Rules

Answer 21

. Size of the ion:

. The charge of cation: G

Question 22

Size of the ion:

Answer 22

Smaller cation, and larger anion, give greater
covalent character

Question 23

The charge of cation:

Answer 23

Greater the charge of cation, greater is
the covalent character of the bond

Question 24

electronic configuration,

Answer 24

if comparing two otherwise similar species,
greater covalent character is seen for cations which do not have a noble gas configuration

Question 25

,