types of conclusions Flashcards
(37 cards)
When an arguer’s conclusion is a recommendation for something, he or she often will provide one good reason to do that thing – be aware of the assumption that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks
recommendation
When an arguer’s conclusion is a prediction, the arguer may be assuming that the current evidence will remain unchanged in the future
prediction
compares 2 elements with each other OR compares 1 element with itself
comparison
common indicators of comparison conclusion
better than; healthier than; more useful than
ex: It’s clear that this year’s candidate is stronger than last year’s candidate.
comparison
ex: It’s clear that this year’s candidate understands the public’s wishes better than she did a year ago.
comparison
when 1 thing (ex: event or action) directly affects another
causation
what should you look for in a causation conclusion
cause and effect
what needs to happen for a conclusion to be a causation conclusion
something needs to directly affect something else to count as causation
ex: Last night, I took cough medicine and today I feel much better. So that cough medicine is really effective
causation
cause: cough medicine
effect: feel much better
ex: Jonathan gets good grades without trying very hard, and his teachers have said multiple times how much they like him. The only possible way that Jonathan maintains his good grades is because of how much his teachers like him
causation
cause: teachers like him
effect: J getting good grades
when an arguer assigns a certain subjective attribute to something
assessments
assessments are not what
scientific facts
ex: The flower is beautiful.
assessment
ex: This policy is very helpful.
assessment
ex: The outcome will be important.
assessment
asserts the best method/course of action (or negative form: recommends against a cetain method/course of action)
recommendations
keywords for recommendation conclusions
should OR ought to; but sometimes recommendation is implied (no keywords)
ex: In treating this disease, then, physicians should favor Treatment X.
recommendations
ex: It’s likely that extending the warranty is the only way to gain new customers.
recommendations
asserts arguer’s opinion about something that will take place in the near/distant future
prediction
top tip for id conclusion questions
if arguer believes something will or will not happen at some point in the future = chances are good that it’s arguer’s main point
ex: Obviously, the tennis match will be rescheduled
prediction
ex: Our homeless population may not be reduced by next year
prediction
