Types of Data

Question 1

What’s qualitative data?

Answer 1

Data which is displayed in words and is non-numerical

Question 2

+/- qualitative

Answer 2

+rich and depth detail
+allows ppts to greater develop their opinion hence greater external validity
+more meaningful insight into the ppts views

-difficult to analyse
-difficult to make comparisons with other data
-researcher bias presented as conclusions rely on the subjective interpretations of the researcher

Question 3

What’s quantitative data?

Answer 3

Data that’s displayed numerically

Question 4

+/- quantitative

Answer 4

+can be analysed statistically so can be converted to graphs or charts
+east to make comparisons with other data

-lack of depth and detail
-no meaningful insight into ppts
-ppts aren’t able to develop their ideas

Question 5

What’s primary data?

Answer 5

When info is obtained it’s first hand by the researcher

Question 6

+/- primary data

Answer 6

+targets the exact info the researcher needs
-more time and effort
+can be expensive

Question 7

What’s secondary data?

Answer 7

When info is collected by someone else but is used by the researcher for their own investigation

Question 8

+/- secondary data

Answer 8

+expensive
+requires minimal effort to collect

-the data could be outdated and incomplete
-nah not be reliable

Question 9

What’s a meta-analysis?

Answer 9

When a researcher combines results from many different studies and uses it to form an overall view of the subject they’re investigating

Question 10

+/- meta-analysis

Answer 10

+more generalisable
+researcher is able to view the evidence in more confidence as there’s a lot of it

-publication bias ——> researcher leaves out info that gives negative results

Question 11

3 measures of central tendency

Answer 11

Mean
Median
Mode

Question 12

What’s the mean

Answer 12

Total of all values divided by how many there are

Question 13

+/- mean

Answer 13

+Makes use of all values
+Good for interval data
-influenced by outliers can be unrepresentative

Question 14

Median

Answer 14

Central value

Question 15

+/- median

Answer 15

+not affected by extreme scores
+good for ordinal data
-doesn’t use all values so isn’t as sensitive

Question 16

Mode

Answer 16

The most frequent value in a set of data

Question 17

+/- mode

Answer 17

+useful for nominal data
-isn’t useful when they’re several modes

Question 18

What are the 2 measures of dispersion

Answer 18

Range
Standard deviation

Question 19

Range

Answer 19

Minus lowest and highest scores

Question 20

+/- range

Answer 20

+easy to calculate
-affected by extreme values
-doesn’t use all data

Question 21

What’s a standard deviation?

Answer 21

Calculated by subtracting each value from the mean and squaring the difference and finding the sum of the square

Question 22

+/- standard deviation

Answer 22

+precise measure as all data is taken into account
-difficult to calculate
-affected by extreme values

Question 23

What are bar charts used for?

Answer 23

Discrete data ——> data that’s been divided into categories
Frequency ——> Y/vertical axis
Categories ——> X/horizontal axis

Question 24

What are histograms used for?

Answer 24

Continuous data

Question 25

What are line graphs used for?

Answer 25

Points connected by lines to show the change in values

Question 26

What are scattergrams used for?

Answer 26

To show associations between co-variables ——>used for correlations

IV x-axis
DV y-axis

Question 27

What’s a normal distribution?

Answer 27

A symmetrical pattern of frequency data that forms a bell-shaped pattern

Question 28

What’s a skewed distribution

Answer 28

A spread of frequency data that’s not symmetrical but instead clusters at one end
Positive - concentrated on the right
Negative - concentrated on the left

Question 29

What’s a peer review?

Answer 29

The assessment of scientific work by experts in the same field ——> makes sure research is published to a high quality

Question 30

What’s the main purpose of the peer review?

Answer 30

It’s worthwhile so funding can be allocated to it
Validate the relevance and quality of research
Suggest possible improvements or amendments to the research study