Types of Fallacies Flashcards
Ad ignorantiam
Claiming that something is true because it hasn’t be proven
Ad misericordiam can also mean…
Appeal to Pity
Ad misericodiam means…
Trying to evoke pity to argue for a conclusion
Ad populum means…
Arguing a claim because it popular
Loaded question
Posing a question that contains an unfair or unwanted assumption
Composition means…
Assuming that a whole has the same properties as its parts
Division means…
Assuming the parts of a whole have the same properties has the whole
False dilemma means…
Presenting a list of alternative that when there are others that should be considered
Genetic fallacy is…
Judging that something is likely to have some property because it came from something else that has that property
Suppressed Evidence is…
Presenting only confirming evidence when there is also disconfirming evidence
Naturalistic fallacy means…
inferring that something should be a certain way because it is that way
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc means…
Inferring that X is the cause of Y because Y is the cause of X
Slippery slope means…
Falsely claiming that is we accept a claim, we will eventually have to accept an absurd or unacceptable conclusion
What does the acornym CPMFSC stand for? Also explain each meaning.
Consistency: with observations we are trying to explain
Which theories are consistent with our observations
Predictive power:
DO the theories make any interesting predictions that are later confirmed
Do the theories have both quanitiative and qualitative properties
Mechanism: Do the theories reveal underlying causual mechanisms. This helps explains the relevant aspect of nature
Fruitfulness: Do the theories make surprising or unexpected predictions, which are later confirmed
Simplicity: How simple are the theories. A simpler theory has fewer assumptions and posits fewer entities than a more complex theory
The term emicyle is also used to mean unsupported complexities in a theory that are needed in order to make the thoery consistent with the evidence
Coherence: The theories are coherent: There are 2 types- Inherent consistency and Consistency with other knowledge
What does broad mean?
General without detail
