Types of long-term memory

Question 1

What did Tulving think of the multi-store model

Answer 1

He thought it was too simplistic and inflexible

Question 2

What were the three LTM stores that Tulving proposed?

Answer 2

Episodic, Semantic and Procedural

Question 3

What does the episodic memory refer to?

Answer 3

Our ability to recall events from our lives
e.g the psychology lesson you had yesterday

Question 4

How are episodic memories complex ?

Answer 4

they are time stamped- you remember when they happened and how events relate to each other

memories of a single episode include several elements- like people, places, objects and behaviours

you have to make a conscious effort to recall them

Question 5

What does the semantic memory contain?

Answer 5

Our shared knowledge of the world (like general knowledge)
e.g what an orange tastes like, meaning of words, capital of France

Question 6

Are semantic memories time-stamped?

Answer 6

No- you don’t remember when you first learnt/heard about it
Semantic knowledge is less personal and more factual

Question 7

Which memory is less vulnerable to distortion: episodic or semantic?

Answer 7

Semantic

Question 8

What is the procedural memory?

Answer 8

Memory for actions or skills

Question 9

Do procedural memories require conscious awareness to recall?

Answer 9

No- eventually
e.g driving becomes automatic with practice

Question 10

Strengths of this theory

Answer 10

• evidence from case studies: HM and Clive Wearing <- (research if forgotten) which supports the idea that there are diffferent memory stores
• allows psychologists or help people with memory problems- could benefit the economy as it allows treatments to be developed

Question 11

Weaknesses of this theory

Answer 11

• studies to support the theory are not as valid as the lack of control of clinical studies limits the evidence
• there is conflicting research findings linking types of LTM (Buckner and Peterson 1996)