Types Of LTM Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the types of Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
- Declarative
- Procedural
- Episodic
- Semantic
Declarative memory includes memories that can be consciously recalled, while procedural memory involves skills and actions performed without conscious awareness.
Fill in the blank: _______ memory includes specific events and experiences.
Episodic memory
Episodic memory allows individuals to recall personal experiences and specific events in their lives.
What does Clive Wearing’s case illustrate about memory?
The distinction between episodic and procedural memory
Clive Wearing, who suffers from severe amnesia, can still play the piano (procedural memory) but cannot recall personal events (episodic memory).
What experimental method did Tulving use to investigate memory?
He used successive trials with randomized orders and periods of rest between them to assess memory retrieval.
Tulving’s experiments involved participants thinking about specific topics while measuring brain activity.
What brain regions are activated during the retrieval of episodic memories?
Frontal lobe and posterior regions of the cortex
Greater activation in the frontal lobe is associated with contextual memories, while posterior regions are involved in retrieving semantic information.
Fill in the blank: Procedural memory is often described as __________ knowing.
knowing how
Procedural memory allows individuals to perform tasks without conscious awareness, such as riding a bike or playing an instrument.
What type of memory involves knowing the meanings of words and concepts?
Semantic memory
Semantic memory is crucial for understanding language and general knowledge.
What does the research suggest about the dissociation in LTM processing?
There is a biological basis for differences in LTM processing, involving distinct brain areas for episodic and semantic memories.
This dissociation implies that different types of memory may rely on separate neural circuits.
True or False: Autobiographical memory is a type of episodic memory.
True
Autobiographical memory refers to memories of one’s own life events and experiences.
What are the limitations of studying memory processes through neuro-imaging?
Lacks ecological validity and may not represent everyday activities accurately.
Neuro-imaging studies often involve controlled environments that may not reflect real-life memory retrieval situations.
Fill in the blank: _______ memory includes specific events and experiences.
Episodic memory
Episodic memory allows individuals to recall personal experiences and specific events in their lives.
True or False: Semantic memory refers to the knowledge of meanings and facts.
True
Semantic memory involves information that is not tied to personal experiences but rather includes general knowledge and concepts.
What does Clive Wearing’s case illustrate about memory?
The distinction between episodic and procedural memory
Clive Wearing, who suffers from severe amnesia, can still play the piano (procedural memory) but cannot recall personal events (episodic memory).
What experimental method did Tulving use to investigate memory?
He used successive trials with randomized orders and periods of rest between them to assess memory retrieval.
Tulving’s experiments involved participants thinking about specific topics while measuring brain activity.
What brain regions are activated during the retrieval of episodic memories?
Frontal lobe and posterior regions of the cortex
Greater activation in the frontal lobe is associated with contextual memories, while posterior regions are involved in retrieving semantic information.
Fill in the blank: Procedural memory is often described as __________ knowing.
knowing how
Procedural memory allows individuals to perform tasks without conscious awareness, such as riding a bike or playing an instrument.
What type of memory involves knowing the meanings of words and concepts?
Semantic memory
Semantic memory is crucial for understanding language and general knowledge.
What does the research suggest about the dissociation in LTM processing?
There is a biological basis for differences in LTM processing, involving distinct brain areas for episodic and semantic memories.
This dissociation implies that different types of memory may rely on separate neural circuits.
What are the limitations of studying memory processes through neuro-imaging?
Lacks ecological validity and may not represent everyday activities accurately.
Neuro-imaging studies often involve controlled environments that may not reflect real-life memory retrieval situations.
Episodic memory
Based on personal experience, an autobiography to the individuals unique memory of specific events they’re involved in. E.g. a person’s address, childhood memories
Semantic memory
Memories related to knowledge around the world. Shared by everyone, rather than being a personal ‘episodic’ experience. The general knowledge memories e.g. capital of France is Paris.
Procedural memory
Skills of how to do something (muscle memory). Typically acquired through repetition and practice. Less aware of these memories as have become less automatic. E.g. tying your shoes.
Strength- brain scan research and cognitive neuroscience (D)
Episodic memory= hippocampus and temporal lobe
Semantic= temporal lobe
Procedural= cerebellum
Brain scans have found different areas to be active when different types of LTM are used.
Supports that LTM has separate stores.
Support- Clive Wearing (A)
Experienced brain damage from a virus. Lost his episodic memory (couldn’t remember past events or form new memories of personal experiences e.g. what he did a few minutes ago), but his procedural memory was still intact (e.g. he could still play the piano despite not remembering how). Supports that LTM is split into multiple stores and criticises the MSM for being reductionist.
