Types of observation Flashcards

1
Q

Define a naturalistic observation

A

Behaviour is observed in an everyday setting in which the target behaviour would normally occur.

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2
Q

Define controlled observation

A

Behaviour is observed under controlled conditions where certain variables have been regulated by the researcher.

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3
Q

Define covert observation

A

Observing people without their knowledge or consent.

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4
Q

Define overt observation

A

Observing people with their knowledge and cosnent.

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5
Q

Define participant observation

A

Researcher becomes a member of the group they are observing

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6
Q

Define non-participant observation

A

The researcher remains outside of the group they are watching.

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7
Q

State of advantage of using a naturalistic obsevation

A

High ecological validity (only in covert)- gives realistic picture of behaviour as it’s being observed in a context where it normally would occur.

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8
Q

State two disadvantages of using a naturalistic observation

A
  1. hard to replace
  2. uncontrolled extraneous variables
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9
Q

State two advantages of using a controlled observation

A
  1. easy to replicate
  2. can focus on particular aspects of behaviour
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10
Q

State one disadvantage of using a controlled observation

A

Low ecological validity- findings can’t be easily applied to real-life settings.

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11
Q

State one advantage of using a covert observation

A

Reduces likelihood of demand characteristics- increases validity of results.

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12
Q

State one disadvantage of using a covert observation

A

Ethical issues- cannot get informed consent prior to observation

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13
Q

State one advantage of using an overt observation

A

More ethically acceptable

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14
Q

State one disadvantage of using an overt observation

A

Demand characteristics

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15
Q

State one advantage of using participant observations

A

Increased insight from the inside into the lives being studied and so may not have otherwise been gained

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16
Q

State one disadvantage of using participant observations

A

Researcher may closely identify with those they’re observing and lose objectivity (going native)

17
Q

State one advantage of using non-participant observations

A

More likely to be objective as not part of the group they are observing

18
Q

State one disadvantage of using non-participant observations

A

May lose the valuable insight gained and too far removed from the people and behaviour they are studying

19
Q

What is meant by the term going native

A

The line between participants and research becomes blurred