Types of research methods Flashcards
what are the ethical guidelines informed consent
giving informed consent knowing the aims of the experiment and giving permission to take part in research and must be signed if under 16 parents must sign as well or assumed consent by asking a similar group of people
Retrospective consent asking participants during debrief
what is deception
normally occurring where the participant isn’t fully aware of the aims delibareltky withholding information of misinforming the participants ofr there has been some lying during the experiment this must all bee told during the debrief includes deception about other participants and the true aim of the research and reassure that behaviour is normal
what is protectin from harm
the participants shouldn’t experience ny psychological emotional or physical harm if they do its unethical and must be given some support after the research by counseling and check up after. 1 year
privacy and confidentiality
the right to protect private and personal information names shouldn’t be published and initials ony used
right to withdraw
the participants should be reminded before that they can leave the research whenever they feel like it and if they decide this their information will be deleted
what is self report
getting information from what the participant is telling the researcher no observation is included and delivering information first hand to the researcher
what is open question and strength and weakness
it is a question which doesn’t have set answer and answer can vary and usually indepth to show feeling expression of emotion is a strength
weakness is that it can be hard to analyse and compare information and may need to go through irrelevant information
what is a closed answer strength and weakness
it is a question with a fixed answer and response is predeterminestrength usually one answer so it is a short to answer and can be compared to analyse it is closed so very hort answer inability to give indepth of information or resons why they have though or answred the question
what is unstructured interview
it is an interview which isn’t structure with genral points that the interviewer can ask but then interviewer can elaborate and ask follow up question based on the particpants response each interview will have a different set of question
strength and weakness of interview
as no question determines the researcher can ask question in order to gain more information which allows an indepthful information
however need to be trained to do unstructured interview and can be hard to analyse question and data
what is a structured interview
predetermined question to ask the interviewee they al have the same format and question and the interviewer cannot ask follow up question even if they wanted to
strength na dweakness of structured interview
it has same structure and question so information can be gathered and compared more easily also it doesn’t require peialit traiing as it just ask question
weakness is that it cannot ask follow up question which would allow more of an indepth information
what are interviews genrally
Interviews are self-report techniques that involve an experimenter asking participants questions (generally on a one-to-one basis) and recording their responses.
what ra ethe overall strength of interviews
it is time consuming to conduct interviews as it requires face to face discussions-
Interviews require participants to have basic competencies for interviews to be successful (e.g. adequate communication skills, memory, honesty) which could potentially limit the sample’s size and representativeness of the population if not met.
what are behavioural categories
they are operationalised categories which label behaviours and can be defined so that they can be observed and measured it needs to be clear and ambiguous and no overlap
what is event sampling and strength and weakness
everytime a specific behaviour from the predetermined checklist is observed and then recorded during specific time
it allows the whole time to be observed so can record the frequency of the behaviour especially if it is an infrequent behaviour as t may be missed, however if behaviour categories are too ambiguous or specific it may cause innacurate recording of behaviour as it may be overlooked
what is time sampling
at set time intervas the specific behaviour that are predetermined from a checklist is being carried out a certain sset time
it is more representive as it is over time
however if the behaviour is infrequent it can be missed as it may not be shown during the interval of obsevration
what is a questionare
a list of predetrined questions given to participants to fill out then the data is collected and compared it is first hand data
what are the different types of question or scales
the lickert scale is wherethere is how highly you agree with something and number are given from 1-5 highly agree to disagree
rating scale is how your feeling best match the presented words
fixed choice scale predetermined option and the participant chooses the option which is most suitable it to thm
what are the strength of question and the weakness
it can quickly gather large amount of data from large amount of people
they are easy to complete and quick to complete it is also ethical as they know that they are completing the questionnaire and giving data free hand and first hand
unable to ask question if they don’t answer questions which may lead to some questions not being answered or answering be incorrect
docil desirability may want to impress the researcher so may lie to the researcher
what is inter rate reliability
researchers observing behaviour need to remain objective and the interater reliability enables objective observation
whatis the different types of inter rate reliability and the reasons behind it
low inter rater relaibitly gaining different result or finding of observation at be caused by the behaviour category being too specific or ambiguous or they may be observing different behaviours
high inter rater reliability agrreing on observation finding due to specific and objective behavioural categories which can be understood
how to ensure inter rater reliability
get other observers to oibserve the observation usually two external obsevrers they should observe the same behaviour at the same time and compare their observation using a correltion
what are observation
seeing people what they do without having to aks them to do things and can observe them in natural setting
