Types Of Substance Flashcards
What is diamond an allotrope form of?
Carbon
Describe the structure of diamond
Carbon atoms joined together in 4 directions in a giant covalent structure of covalent bonds
What is Graphite an allotrope form of?
Carbon
What is the formula for buckminster fullerene
C60
What are the properties of graphene?
Conducts electricity
One atom thick
Strong and light
Made up of covalent bonds
What are polymers held together by?
Strong covalent bonds between atoms in molecules.
Weak intermolecular forces between molecules.
Why are intermolecular forces stronger in polymers than in small molecules?
Because polymers are larger
What is graphene in relation to graphite?
Graphene is a single layer of graphite
What are the properties of diamond?
Hard
Does not conduct electricity
High melting point
Covalent bonds
Giant covalent structure
What are the properties of graphite?
Soft
Conducts electricity
Covalent bonds
What is graphene an allotrope for?
Carbon
Describe the structure of graphite
The weak intermolecular forces allow the layers to slide over eachother
there is 1 delocalised electron for every carbon atom which allows a charge to flow
Properties of cylindrical fullerenes
Strong
Small diameter
Conduct electricity
What is a fullerene
Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms that take up hollow structures
Give an example of a spherical fullerene and its uses
Buckminsterfullerene: catalysts, lubricants, transports drugs into the body
Give an example of a cylindrical fullerene and its uses
Carbon nanotubes: electronics, nanotechnology and for strengthening materials.
Why are carbon nanotubes strong?
Because of the strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms, nanotubes are exceptionally strong for their size.
Name the the three allotropes of carbon
Graphite diamond and the fullerenes
Explain the law of conservation of mass applied to a closed system
No substances can enter or leave during a reaction
In a precipitation reaction 2 soluble reactants from an insoluble product- the precipitate
The total mass of the beaker and its contents stays the same during the formation of this precipitate
Explain the law of conservation of mass & what you would see in an a open system
Mass is conserved but you will observe the following if heated by air :
1. mass of the reactive metal increases
2. mass of a reactive nonmetal or fuel decreases
3. mass of a metal carbonate decreases 
